The lack of measurements between 6th to 20th June 2018 prevents from determining the exact date when Tor first got blocked. Internet blackouts in Venezuela have been documented by IPYS Venezuela, which have left citizens in rural, suburban and urban areas of the country without internet connectivity. Although phone ownership has rocketed in Venezuela in the past few years, roughly a third of the population still does not have an internet connection or a smartphone and rely on television for their news. Just like in India and Venezuela, censorship in Iraq is done by the IP-based blocking, DNS poisoning, and keyword search interference. To investigate further, OONI ran tests from a Raspberry Pi connected to CANTV (AS8048) and performed some experiments examining the blocking of Tor relays. The censorship events identified as part of this study (particularly the blocking of news websites and blogs) contradict the rights outlined by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) in its report on Standards for a Free, Open and Inclusive Internet. Zello is a mobile app that serves as a walkie-talkie over cell phone networks.Zello To measure internet censorship in Venezuela, the researchers ran OONI’s network measurement software (OONI Probe) on a daily basis across multiple local vantage points. OONI’s bridge reachability measurements corroborate these reports, showing the blocking of many Tor endpoints. The following data is based on recent measurements collected from four Venezuelan networks: Digitel (AS264731), CANTV (AS8048), Movistar (AS6306) and Movilnet (AS27889). OONI’s current methodology only confirms the blocking of a website if a blockpage is served. Citizens are furious with president Nicolás Maduro, who has been using emergency powers since 2015 to pass laws without congressional approval. If the server rejects SYN with ICMP Port Unreachable – instead of RST – then the client gets the packet and the Linux TCP stack returns the “connection refused” error. Absolute power in the hands of one individual can have devastating effects for any institution or organization. The other accessible CANTV measurement at 6:16 pm was collected from Carabobo. El Pitazo is one of the few media outlets that has a presence in all states in Venezuela, and whose news agenda is focused on issues of community complaints, conflicts, and acts of corruption that affect citizens and are of public interest. OONI’s HTTP Invalid Request Line test does this by sending an invalid HTTP request line to an echo server listening on the standard HTTP port. But according to the Venezuelan government, this deepens the country’s economic crisis. In Venezuela, Arms Ownership Matters. OONI’s HTTP Header Field Manipulation test, on the other hand, attempts to identify middleboxes by sending HTTP requests with non-canonical HTTP headers. The country heavily depends on its oil (it has the largest oil reserves in the world), the revenue of which supported its social programmes and food subsidies. The testing was mostly limited to the URLs included in the Citizen Lab’s global and Venezuelan test lists. According to recent OONI measurements, dollartoday.com remains blocked on CANTV. Freedom Versus Liberty, Measles: Facts and Misconceptions. Venezuela Inteligente tested a random sample of unlisted, publicly available bridges from BridgeDB, revealing that the failure rate is around 26% and that all testing to private Tor bridges resulted in successful connections, regardless of the type of bridge (including vanilla, obfs3 and obfs4 bridges). Furthermore, the National Telecommunications Commission has repeatedly ignored public information requests regarding recent internet censorship events. If a middlebox is present, it will likely normalize the headers or add extra headers, enabling the identification of its presence in the network. As that anger has translated into protests, the government has responded by trying to shut it down. The blocking was implemented on the reverse path, so it was hard for the client to distinguish it from server-side blocking: In addition to Tor blocking, Venezuela Inteligente also reported that access to a large amount of obfs3 and obfs4 bridges (i.e. Pervasive levels of internet censorship have been carried out in Venezuela since 2014, largely monitored and documented by local civil society groups IPYS Venezuela and Venezuela Inteligente. According to data provided by the Venezuelan Observatory of Social Conflict (OVCS) and the Venezuelan Program of Education-Action in Human Rights (Provea), these issues affect the quality of life of Venezuelans and their ability to exercise their basic rights. Data presented in August 2017 by Venezuela Inteligente, as follow-up to their previous study with IPYS Venezuela, shows that of the blocked sites, 36% of them were related to currency exchange rates, 32% were media, 16% games of chance and online bets, 12% social networking or communications tools, and 4% of them were blogs critical of the government. Media censorship and the blocking of blogs limit press freedom and the right to freedom of thought and expression. El 76% de los sitios bloqueados en #internetVE son de origen local, 24% internacional – @vesinfiltro @VeInteligente pic.twitter.com/eEiPkD7lPQ, — Andres Azpurua (@andresAzp) 15. However, no court order or other legal justification was provided for the censorship events that occurred over the last year. Internet Censorship Increases in Venezuela What’s happening in Venezuela with internet censorship is a prime example of the dangers government control over freedom of information can bring. On the other hand, we also have the blocking of LGBTQI sites, these are some examples. Censorship in Venezuela has caused hackers to openly use social media. The institutionality and the State of Rights have been broken, given the lack of autonomy and independence of the public powers, all dominated by the strength of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela, which has accompanied Hugo Chávez and currently maintains Nicolás Maduro. To confirm the potential blocking with more confidence (and rule out false positives), it’s useful to examine measurements collected from the same network over time. A few months ago (in April 2018), Venezuela Inteligente and IPYS Venezuela reported that two of El Pitazo’s domains (elpitazo.com and elpitazo.info) were blocked by CANTV, Digitel, Movistar, Movilnet and Intercable by means of DNS. There is a pressing need for a single platform that addresses these challenges - a hybrid multicloud built for the digital innovation era. In the past, this has enabled the identification of censorship equipment in various countries around the world. These censorship events were (temporarily) implemented by both private and state providers, who blocked the sites at their own discretion without a court order, violating due process. ®, The Register - Independent news and views for the tech community. Back in 2016, IPYS Venezuela and Venezuela Inteligente reported that a number of blogs critical of the government were blocked. Additionally, the government has implemented laws restricting free sp… Currently, lapatilla.com is accessible, but was temporarily blocked between 6th to 10th June 2018. These lists consist of a variety of different types of URLs that fall under 30 categories and that are tested for censorship by network measurement projects like OONI. To investigate further, IPYS Venezuela and Venezuela Inteligente coordinated a measurement campaign, engaging locals across Venezuela to test armando.info with OONI Probe in various networks and regions of the country. Blocked sites and internet outages. The country is currently in a state of emergency after two months of anti-government protests that have caused the deaths of over 50 people and led to violent confrontations with the police. The opposition has been relegated to the internet, to which only 50% of Venezuelans have access. As the Maduro regime continues to block websites and limit independent media, Venezuelan citizens have begun looking for other roundabout ways to bypass the government’s censorship. Under Maduro, media and the internet is already pretty severely restricted in Venezuela. Recent OONI data not only shows that these domains remain blocked across ISPs, but that a third domain of El Pitazo (elpitazo.ml) has been blocked as well. Continuing to monitor censorship events in Venezuela is therefore essential. Censorship is nothing new in Venezuela, but it is taking novel, more covert, forms under Mr. Chávez’s lackluster replacement, Nicolás Maduro. The government has been characterized as an authoritarian regime, closing spaces for public discussions and free expression, while systematic violations of human rights have intensified. Similarly to La Patilla, el-nacional.com primarily appears to be censored by means of HTTP blocking, as suggested by HTTP failures (and “generic timeout errors”) presented in recent OONI measurements. This may suggest that internet censorship is not implemented in a centralized way (i.e. VPI and Capitolio TV resorted to livestreaming on YouTube, instead of on their own sites, to circumvent the block. In Venezuela, Arms Ownership Matters. Tor unblocking At thetime, they measured the blocking of websites across four states inVenezuela through the use of OONI Probe, which is free and open source software designedto measure internet censorship. Venezuela Inteligente and IPYS Venezuela reported that investigative journalism site armando.info was inaccessible as well. The turning point came with the approval of the Anti-Hate law. This resulted in the blocking of Wikipedia. Anomalous packet loss is observed on “parasitic” reverse TCP traceroutes, when the traceroute is executed using 5-tuple of existing connection. Venezuela increases internet censorship and surveillance in crisis Venezuela is increasingly censoring its internet and expanding online surveillance of citizens. Internet censorship is sometimes quite related to political events. While Venezuelan ISPs primarily block sites by means of DNS tampering, they also appear to be implementing HTTP filtering, suggesting a variance in the filtering rules adopted by ISPs. Venezuela is increasingly censoring its internet and expanding online surveillance of citizens. El Pitazo is an independent news outlet run by Venezuelans that started off as a YouTube channel in 2014, expanded to a radio program, and eventually created a media website. If a middlebox is present, the invalid HTTP request line will be intercepted by the middlebox, potentially triggering an error that will be sent back to OONI servers. What’s clear from recent OONI Probe measurements (collected on 13th August 2018) is that the potential blocking of armando.info is certainly inconsistent. In late 2015, Venezuela’s central bank filed suit in the US against dolartoday.com, alleging that the site’s managers “committed cyberterrorism” and “sowed economic chaos” in Venezuela. Further monitoring and testing is required. By bouncing communications across a distributed network of relays, Tor hides its users’ IP addresses. TorBox is an easy to use, anonymizing router based on a Raspberry Pi. Throughout the course of this research, the researchers updated the Venezuelan test list to ensure that reportedly blocked sites were being tested. Zello is a mobile app that serves as a walkie-talkie over cell phone networks. Censorship in Venezuela refers to all actions which can be considered as suppression in speech in the country. This study can be reproduced and expanded upon through the use of OONI Probe and OONI data. Given the censorship practices applied to traditional media, the internet has become an essential tool for the freedom of expression and access to information of the Venezuelan people. Police persecution manifested through arbitrary arrests of citizens based on their opinions expressed online through social networks, various portals of digital media and civil society organizations were attacked, and web portals were selectively blocked. The researchers acknowledge the URL selection bias and that the testing sample of URLs might exclude many other sites that are blocked in Venezuela. Based on the following, OONI was able to successfully confirm that connections to 74% of well-known IP:Port entities of the Tor network were blocked. The researcher’s latest OONI findings show that such websites are currently blocked by multiple Venezuelan ISPs and have remained blocked all along. As of 13th August 2018, there are moments when they can access the site and there are moments when they can’t. The high percentage of connection failures though is highly indicative of blocking targeted to well-known bridges. Venezuela Inteligente and IPYS Venezuela (who are based in Caracas) report that their experience in attempting to access armando.info (on CANTV, Movistar and Digitel) is also inconsistent. This internet block is applied by most mainstream ISPs in VE using #DNS_block. The blog though has since been unblocked and is currently accessible. Measurements collected from Venezuela also suggest that a number of other sites (such as el-nacional.com, lapatilla.com, elpitazo.com and armando.info) have more recently been blocked as well. Recent censorship findings that are currently more relevant. OONI’s Web Connectivity test was run to measure the accessibility of 287 URLs that are more relevant to the Venezuelan context and 1,123 internationally relevant sites. Their study (between 2015 and 2016) showed that 43 websites were systematically blocked by one or more Venezuelan ISPs. OONI’s Vanilla Tor test is designed to measure the reachability of the Tor network from the local vantage point of the user. TL;DR: Letters from Venezuela is an exclusive CoinSpice series, documenting the South American nation’s last stand among sanctions, political unrest, international condemnation and concern, economic collapse, and the spectre of cryptocurrency possibly demonstrating its main use case. In keeping with most ideological regime, Maduro has tried to restrict information and communication in order to stop opposition factions organizing and sharing information which undermines his position. This study includes an analysis of thousands of network measurements collected from Venezuela over the last four years, between 20th February 2014 to 10th August 2018. In light of hyperinflation, coupled with the devaluation of the bolivar in the black market, many Venezuelans are opting for dollars rather than bolivares. Last year, Venezuela Inteligente reported, through the VEsinFiltro project, how three private online streaming broadcasters – Vivoplay, VPI, and Capitolio TV (site now defunct) – were blocked simultaneously by all major ISPs (primarily by means of DNS) as a result of broadcasting live street protests. The researchers analyzed all OONI Probe network measurements collected from Venezuela between 20th February 2014 to 10th August 2018. “Internet disruptions in Venezuela through recent weeks have targeted the political opposition with surgical precision,” says Alp Toker, Executive Director at civil society group NetBlocks, which maps internet freedom in real time. It is unclear what the legal justification is for the blocks, and the situation led to the United Nations Human Rights Commission issuing a statement condemning "the censorship and blocking of information both in traditional media and on the internet. Currency exchange The Constitution of Venezuela says that freedom of expression and press freedom are protected. #Venezuela now blocks the TOR @torproject network. Alternatively, they could be caused by a congested network, server-side blocking, or if the site in question went down during testing due to a DDoS attack. Two months after El Pitazo domains were blocked, IPYS Venezuela reported that independent news outlets La Patilla and El Nacional were blocked as well. In collaboration with other organizations and volunteers, they defend the human, political and civil rights of Venezuelans. This also refutes the hypothesis that Tor blocking depends on uplink (assuming that forward and reverse paths match). Censorship events that may have occurred before and/or after the analysis period are not examined as part of this study. Internet censorship in socialist Venezuela . TorBox v.0.3.0 released -- now even easier to use. The researchers therefore encourage researchers and community members to continue reviewing and contributing to these test lists to help improve future research and analysis. Similarly, Article 27 of the Law on Social Responsibility in Radio, Television and Electronic Media sets conditions for the prohibition of content that does not acknowledge the legitimacy of authorities or which fosters citizen anxiety. But when the price of oil fell, these programmes became unsustainable and the country plummeted into a food crisis. Miami-based DolarToday is run by the Venezuelan diaspora and is widely used to track the plummeting black market value of the bolivar. The anomaly seems to be located within the. In doing so, Tor users not only have online anonymity, but they can also bypass the blocking of sites and services (since they access them from IP addresses allocated to different countries). OONI data suggests that the site’s blocked by CANTV and Movilnet, but accessible on Digitel and Movistar. Venezuela’s political and economic environment is fragile and as events unfold, its internet censorship apparatus may evolve. Testing Recent testing suggests that the service remains blocked by (at least) three ISPs (CANTV, Movistar, Digitel). This has turned Venezuela into the country with the worst internet connection quality in the Latin American region. Censorship in Venezuela appears to be a symptom of its deep economic and political crisis, which is considered the most severe crisis in the country’s history. Bridge reachability tests run from CANTV (AS8048) in late June 2018 show a failure rate of around 94% to known Tor bridges. Censorship findings that have been persistent over time (i.e. Having run stories on corruption, official brutality, electoral fraud, protests and other stories critical of the government, the newspaper has received significant government pressure over the last months. Political environment The government blocks many websites such as CNN and El Nacional, a popular national newspaper. OONI data collected on 6th June 2018 shows that the site was accessible on Movistar (AS6306), but blocked by state-owned CANTV (AS8048). Research conducted by Mariengracia Chirinos in terms of public policies on internet access reveals that, between 2007 to 2017, a vision of political and social control prevailed in Venezuela, in favor of the defense of national sovereignty and the “defense of the country”. Many circumvention tool sites were included in the Citizen Lab’s global test list, which the researchers measured via OONI’s Web Connectivity test. The official justification is that the internet is being used to promote hate speech and is damaging the economy. To monitor the accessibility of popular instant messaging platforms over time, the researchers ran OONI’s WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, and Telegram tests. However, it’s worth highlighting that armando.info uses Google’s “Project Shield“, so server-side issues are unlikely a reason for the observed network anomalies. IPYS Venezuela reports that digital rights were at risk throughout 2017 in light of several restrictive regulations. If the results from both vantage points match, then the tested website is most likely accessible. Most OONI measurements collected up until 12th August 2018 suggested that the site was accessible. The server can perform a reverse TCP traceroute back to the client’s IP without anomalies. In addition to OONI Probe tests, the researchers also performed additional network measurement tests via Raspberry Pi deployments in Venezuela. Public policies around internet access have been limited by regulatory processes (which follow the model of a closed society), affecting market competitiveness and incentives for investment. However, Maduro’s partial internet shutdown has been less about censoring the general population of Venezuela and all about silencing the voice of his critics. When citizens started using SMS messages to share information and coordinate protests, president Maduro personally ordered an investigation into phone company Movistar, claiming that it was assisting opposition to the government. Venezuela is increasingly censoring its internet and expanding online surveillance of citizens. And the variance, both in terms of censorship techniques and censored platforms, across regions and ISPs also indicates that internet censorship is not implemented in a centralized way. In examining each right outlined by IACHR, questions around the necessity and proportionality of these censorship events are inevitably raised, particularly in terms of how they relate to human rights. The types of websites that appeared to be blocked the most include: sites related to the parallel market of the dollar (44%), media (19%), blogs criticizing Chavez (12%), games of chance and online bets (9%), collaboration tools or shorteners (5%), personal communication tools (5%), gore (2%), anonymization and circumvention sites (2%), and hosting services (2%). All measurements collected up until 6th June 2018 were successful, showing that the Tor network was accessible in Venezuela. The Venezuelan government has interfered with online activity for years, but now internet activists are sounding the alarm about a dramatic rise in online censorship. The main OONI Probe tests that were ran as part of this study include: OONI’s Web Connectivity test is designed to measure whether websites are blocked by means of DNS tampering, TCP/IP blocking, or by an HTTP transparent proxy. For many years, Venezuela has suffered website blockades, affecting everything from the media to initiatives in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Venezuela is experiencing the worst economic crisis in its history. Democratic freedoms have deteriorated in Venezuela. The Maduradas portal was also blocked by means of DNS. Given the censorship of traditional media, the internet has become an essential tool for the people of Venezuela to exercise their fundamental right to … Vivoplay.net, elcapitolio.tv and vpitv.com have all been blocked at the DNS level, sparking letters of protest to the national telco commission Conatel and demands for an investigation. Internet censorship. It therefore remains unclear whether armando.info is (or was) intentionally blocked. Similarly, OONI’s Bridge Reachability test measures the reachability of (public) Tor bridges by attempting to successfully bootstrap a connection to them. Due to the divestment, Venezuela is now the country with the worst-quality internet connection in Latin America. The country is currently in a state of emergency after two months of anti-government protests that have caused the deaths of over 50 people and led to violent confrontations with the police. At the same time, the government is trying to flood social media services with positive images, leading to surreal juxtapositions of bloodied protestors next to smiling and waving citizens. Just this Regcast to find out: Why hybrid multicloud is the ideal path to accelerate cloud migration. Independent media websites are blocked in Venezuela (primarily by means of DNS tampering), as illustrated in the following table (based on recent OONI measurements). As part of the following sections, the researchers share OONI data pertaining to the blocking of news outlets, sites expressing political criticism, currency exchange sites and zello.com. OONI Probe is free and open source software designed to measure various forms of network interference. The “Resort law” was amended in 2016 to include internet control. Venezuela is experiencing a complex humanitarian emergency, intensified by hyperinflation, the absence of transparency in public management, and the weakness of democratic institutions. To share more recent and relevant findings, the researchers mainly focus on ASNs from which measurements were collected the most over the last months: Digitel (AS264731), CANTV (AS8048), Movistar (AS6306) and Movilnet (AS27889). Overall, around 1,410 URLs, included in both the Citizen Lab’s global and Venezuelan test lists, were measured as part of this study. The Tor network offers online anonymity, privacy, and censorship circumvention. Freedom Versus Liberty, Measles: Facts and Misconceptions. To bypass Tor censorship, Tor bridges have been built to enable users to connect to the Tor network in censored environments. Legal environment Last November, the National Constituent Assembly (ANC) – a body created outside of the national constitution and which functions as a “superpower” with all of the ruling parliamentarians – approved the “Law against Hatred, for Peaceful Co-existence and Tolerance”. Finally, while network measurements were collected from multiple ASNs in Venezuela, OONI’s software tests were not run consistently across all networks. The following chart summarizes the percentage of replies from specific routers and latency to them. But on 13th August 2018, OONI Probe testing revealed that the site was suddenly inaccessible on CANTV, presenting HTTP failures. Following Venezuela’s 2015 elections, civil society groups IPYS Venezuela and Venezuela Inteligente reported (through the use of OONI Probe) on the blocking of a number of websites, including currency exchange websites, blogs expressing political criticism and media-related sites. It claimed the restrictions in place were "disproportionate and incompatible with international standards.". Forward TCP traceroutes towards various accessible Tor relays go via GlobeNet, Level3, Telia and Seabone. Between 2017 to 2018, this contributed towards connectivity issues across Venezuela. Reporters Without Borders ranked Venezuela 137th out of 180 countries in its World Press Freedom Index 2015 and classified Venezuela's freedom of information in the "difficult situation" level.. And these failures weren’t triggered consistently over time and across regions. The Venezuelan press workers union reported that in 2019, 40 journalists had been illegally detained as … El Nacional is Venezuela’s largest independent newspaper. They collected network measurement datashowing the DNS blockingof numerous local media sites and other types of websites duringVenezuela’s 2015 parliamentary elections. vdebate.blogpost.com (site now defunct) is the blog of an organization whose mission is to “work for the recovery of democracy in Venezuela”. This regulation empowers authorities to block websites that are deemed to spread hate or incite violence. It’s worth highlighting that Tor’s website (torproject.org) has remained accessible in CANTV (and other networks), even though access to the Tor network and obfs4 is blocked. This is particularly interesting, as it may suggest that CANTV doesn’t roll out the same censorship across its network, or that network or configuration issues impacted the accessibility of armando.info. The Maduro government has a long history of using internet shutdowns and other forms of censorship to suppress opposition voices and limit the flow ... any online activity a matter of national security and establish an all-powerful authority to monitor and control the internet in Venezuela. Media Between 2017 to 2018, IPYS Venezuela documented seven cases of internet censorship, involving news websites, currency exchange websites and other sites discussing corruption and economic information. Further testing on 2nd October 2018 revealed that around 97% of public Tor nodes were reachable with TLS handshake from the vantage point of CANTV. Another limitation to this study is associated to the amount and types of URLs that were tested for censorship. The state-owned ISP CANTV blocks vanilla connections as well as obfs3 and obfs4 bridges with a high rate of sucess; only the meek pluggable transport works reliably. Once network measurement data was collected from all of these tests, OONI data was subsequently processed and analyzed based on a standardized set of heuristics for detecting internet censorship and traffic manipulation. Internet cuts and cyber-space regulation In addition to the direct censorship and violence, the past month in Venezuela has also seen unusual information blackouts and restrictions on access to social networks, which are massively used by Maduro’s opponents. ", The report noted that "a large part of televised media is under government control, while the private sector operates with restrictions due to expired licenses that public authorities have refused to renew in more than two years." Venezuela Inteligente, an organization that assists Venezuelans to evade internet censorship, also revealed that remittance platform MercaDolar had also been banned. As the government ramps up its surveillance and censorship, the country is slowly slipping into anarchy. 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