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Gaelic was introduced to Scotland from Ireland in the 5th century and remained the main language in most rural areas until the early 17th century. [12] Malcolm's sons fled to the English court, but in 1097 returned with an Anglo-Norman army backing them. The Gaelic community has supplied Scotland with many of the country's national icons, including the kilt, tartan, sporran, bagpipes, ceilidhs, Highland games and whisky! why was gaelic banned in scotland. Gaelic was to be treated as entirely peripheral and, in the bulk of the Scottish education system, that remains its circumstance today. As Lowland Scots sought increasingly to civilise their Highland brethren, Gaelic became an object of particular persecution. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". How many early Presbyterians in Ulster were Irish/Gaelic speakers? Scots. When was Kingdom of Great Zimbabwe started? What was the punishment for speaking Gaelic? Why Christmas was banned in Scotland. Scottish Parliament reconvenes. That being said, it seems clear that Gaelic had ceased to be the language of Scotland by 1400 at the latest. [18] Scotland's emergent nationalism in the era following the conclusion of the Wars of Scottish Independence was organized around and through Scots as well. Norman French became dominant among the new feudal aristocracy, especially in southern Scotland, and completely displaced Gaelic at court. what chocolate bars have been discontinued? Gaelic had no place therein, and was banned out of public life, the schools, the courts etc.. Peter MacDonald, Head of Research & Collections at The Scottish Tartans Authority, examines a common claim that tartan was banned following the doomed 1745 Jacobite Rising. It is ironic that in support of the "Gaelic only" school, Mr MacLeod raises the fact that Gaelic was all but banned. Women's football in Scotland: Banned 100 years ago but celebrated today. The Scottish people (Scots: Scots Fowk; Scottish Gaelic: Albannaich, Old English: Scottas) or Scots are a nation and ethnic group native to Scotland. Gaelic had no place therein, and was banned out of public life, the schools, the courts etc.. Gaelic is a member of the Goidelic group of Celtic languages related to both Irish and Manx. Scotland's Gaelic language 'could die out in 10 years' - CNN Despite this ban, Gaelic was still spoken privately as public use of the. Stay informed and join our social networks! It was around this time that the very name of Gaelic began to change. Gaelic is the ancient language of scotland and ireland. 9. PART II: The origin of the Gaels has remained a mystery until the advent of modern commercial ancestral DNA testing.Commercial ancestral Y-DNA testing has revealed that 60% of Irish males will have a pre-Viking Gaelic origin, and that almost all of those will have earlier detectable links with Scotland (the Y-DNA test only explores the paternal line). You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Robert Kirk, minister of Aberfoyle; however it was not widely circulated. The Antonine Wall Glasgow: Gairm. [14] The country experienced significant population growth in the 1100s and 1200s in the expanding burghs and their nearby agricultural districts. St Patrick was kidnapped from Britain and made a slave by Irish pirates, not English ones. Endowed with a rich heritage of music, folklore and cultural ecology, Gaelic is enjoying a revival! Left: the divide in 1400 after Loch, 1932; Right: the divide in 1500 after Nicholson, 1974. Cathal. Were not saying it rains a lot, but having a good mac does help. Tartan was synonymous with the clan system in the Scottish Highlands and, by banning its use, the hope was that this would assist in the pacification of the region. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1997, p. 554. Julian Goodare, The Statutes of Iona in context, Scottish Historical Review 77 (1998), 31-57, Storey, John (2011) "Contemporary Gaelic fiction: development, challenge and opportunity", Printed at the Office of Messrs. Arthur Guthrie and Sons Ltd., 49 Ayr Road, Cumnock, For further discussion on the subject of Gaelic in the South of Scotland, see articles, Society in Scotland for Promoting Christian Knowledge, exclusion of Scottish Gaelic from the educational system, http://digital.nls.uk/scotlandspages/timeline/1249.html, "From Charles Mackintosh's waterproof to Dolly the sheep: 43 innovations Scotland has given the world", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Scottish_Gaelic&oldid=1137252363, Articles containing Scottish Gaelic-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2007, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2013, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 February 2023, at 17:00. "), rather than the more common cit an robh thu (oidhche) a-raoir?. advantages and disadvantages of database security. MacArthur, Margaret (1874). Settlers from Ireland founded, around the 4th century CE, the Gaelic Kingdom of Dl Riata on Scotland's west coast in present-day Argyll. Among the modern languages, there is often a closer match between Welsh, Breton, and Cornish on the one hand, and Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Manx on the other. King George IV of England was a big fan. At that time around 25-30% of the country spoke Gaelic. June 14, 2022; pros and cons of stem cell therapy for knees . Sundays - Closed, 8642 Garden Grove Blvd. They proudly state that the Ceres Highland Games are held in honour of the brave men of Ceres who fought at Bannockburn.. Based on medieval accounts, Scottish Gaelic has probably derived by the Irish Gaelic, or Old Irish. Carson a tha a' Ghidhlig cudromach? Their why is not a bad question by any stretch of the imagination. It is the island communities of Skye, the Western Isles and, to a lesser extent, the Argyll Islands, which are now regarded as the Gaelic heartlands. Tartan was synonymous with the clan system in the Scottish Highlands and, by banning its use, the hope was that this would assist in the pacification of the region. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. While Scottish kings had sought to fully integrate the west and the islands into the rest of Scotland since taking formal control of the area from the King of Norway in 1266, the policy culminated with James VI. So, in answer to the initial question; no, the Irish language is not dying. Following the defeat of Prince Charles Edward Stewart and the final uprising of the Jacobites in 1746, the British government banned all elements of highland culture. [20] What Gaelic remained in the Lowlands in the sixteenth century had disappeared completely by the eighteenth. 4 What was the punishment for speaking Gaelic? [36] The first well-known translation of the Bible into Scottish Gaelic was made in 1767 when Dr James Stuart of Killin and Dugald Buchanan of Rannoch produced a translation of the New Testament. Why Christmas was banned in Scotland. Is Scottish Gaelic the same as Irish Gaelic? Panino Rustico Menu Staten Island Huguenot, The Act has also been credited with banning the playing of bagpipes, speaking Gaelic and gathering family members together in public. In the 21st century, Scottish Gaelic literature has seen development within the area of prose fiction publication, as well as challenges due to the continuing decline of the language[37] .mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}(see below). Although speakers of the language were persecuted over the centuries, Gaelic is still spoken today by around 60,000 Scots. Down through the 14th century, Gaelic was referred to in English as Scottis, i.e. Why was the Gaelic language banned? Its origins can be traced back as far as the 10th Century and it is believed to have been brought to Scotland by way of Ireland. Glasgow: Gairm. In Ireland banshees were believed to warn only families of pure Irish descent. The variants of anglicised Gaelic surnames might be because thats how they were recorded by English speaking clerks. With this approach, we can better understand how the different genres operated when Gaelic society was functioning as a healthy unit, and how it declined when Gaelic society came under attack. The historian Charles Withers argues that the geographic retreat of Gaelic in Scotland is the context for the establishment of the country's signature divide between the Lowlands and the Highlands. 2022 - 2023 Times Mojo - All Rights Reserved No law was ever passed making it so. Apple Stuffed Pork Tenderloin, [4][5], Gaelic in Scotland was mostly confined to Dl Riata until the 8th century, when it began expanding into Pictish areas north of the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Clyde. when checking for breathing and you hear gasps, pioneer valley high school course catalog, journal article about guidance and counseling in the philippines, is bradley blundell related to billy blundell, is willie rogers of the soul stirrers still alive, cal berkeley football recruiting questionnaire, pros and cons of stem cell therapy for knees, Football Clubs In Finland Looking For Players, How Does Bulletin Board Attract Attention. It is estimated that there were 50,000 Gaelic speakers in Nova Scotia in 1901, more than one-sixth of all Gaelic-speakers in the world at the time. By the mid-1300s English in its Scottish form what eventually came to be called Scotsemerged as the official language of government and law. The raincoat was invented in Scotland by a man named Charles Macintosh, hence the name the mac. [30] Gaels also emigrated to North Carolina in the 1700s and Gaelic was regularly spoken there until the American Civil War.[31]. Gaelic in origin, the kilt first appeared in Scotland in the 16th century, but not in its current form. People learn Gaelic today for many reasons. Cathal is a Gaelic name for boys meaning ruler of battle.. Munster Irish Connacht Irish Ulster Irish (West and East sub-dialects). By the late 1800s, Glasgow alone had ten Gaelic chapels and was clearly the urban centre of Lowland Gaelic. Was the Irish language ever banned? it can be difficult to be immersed in Gaelic as it exists as a community language today in only a few places. Before the late 1300s, there is no evidence that anyone thought of Scotland as divided into two geographic parts. READ MORE: Sorley MacLean: the Gaelic bard whose work still resonates down the years Dunlop said: "This type of event in Scotland is long overdue. Ideal to aid learning, or just sit back and enjoy. Learn about Stuart England and the rise of the Stuart Dynasty. When leaving big law the financial struggle is real? The decline of the Irish language was the result of two factors: the Great Irish Potato Famine and the repeal of Penal Laws. knoxville police department hiring process. Descubr lo que tu empresa podra llegar a alcanzar. Before the late 1600s, schools for the middle class, not to mention poor crofters, did not exist in the Highlands and Isles. Christmas Eve as Sowans Night. What languages did the early Protestants learn in Ireland? I also speak Gaelic, spoken by 60,000 folks and Irish, spoken by 400,000. This was the beginning of Gaelic's status as a predominantly rural language in Scotland. A study by the University of the Highlands and Islands suggests the language is in crisis, with everyday use at the point of collapse. I believe Irish pirates raided and ocuupied parts of Wales. As English-speakers held all economic power outside the Highlands and most of it within the Gaidhealtachd, Gaelic monolingualism was fast becoming an economic hindrance. 6 Gaelic culture: a national asset 6.1 The art of the Gidhealtachd. in Antrim). Less than 100 years ago children were beaten into speaking English at Tha cuideachd criomagan-fuaime againn airson do chuideachadh le fuaimneachadh. However, Irish had already lost its grip in much of the country by then. The government spent millions of pounds putting Gaelic translations on police cars driving around parts of Scotland which have not spoke Gaelic since before Scotland came into being in 1328. Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. Comments Off on why was gaelic banned in scotland; June 9, 2022; why was gaelic banned in scotland . Particularly on the fringes of the Highlands, English words and accents began to corrupt Gaelic speech in the 1700s and by 1800 residents of most outer Gaidhealtachd parishes could understand and use English in everyday life even if Gaelic remained their native tongue. When did the Greeks adopt the Phoenician alphabet? The Tory hatred of Gaelic is not an English phenomenon but an expression of a cultural gap between Lowlands and Highlands. (both reproduced from Withers, 1984), "may be found able sufficiently to speik, reid and wryte Englische". Scottish Gaelic is an ancient Celtic language that evolved from Old Irish, and Scots is a Germanic language thats similar to English but is considered a different language. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. It originated in Ireland and has similarities to Irish Gaelic. Not only was Gaelic forbidden in school. [15] These economic developments helped spread English as well. the language of the Scots. West Edmonton Condos For Rent, Experience Scotlands UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The Society in Scotland for Promoting Christian Knowledge (SSPCK) was the most important early organization to set up schools in the Gaidhealtachd. So Scottish Gaelic phonology is a little more complex than Irishif you find Irish phonology hard, you will find Scottish Gaelics more so. My interest in the Gaelic language and literature all started with a poem. It will be banned from these shores.. Gaelic. 1488) was written in Scots, not Gaelic. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. oscar the grouch eyebrows. Meek, Donald E. (1990) Language and Style in the Scottish Gaelic Bible, 1767-1807 Scottish Language, vol. For a fuller list of comparisons, see the Swadesh list for Celtic. Gaelic. As Gaelic migrants left the Highlands and Isles first for the major cities of Edinburgh and Glasgow, later for the secondary cities of Aberdeen, Dundee, Greenock, and Perth, they temporarily returned Gaelic to the Lowlands. It was outlawed by the crown in 1616, and suppressed further after the Jacobite rebellion of 1745. The language has been used in Scotland for more than 1,500 years. The Statutes of Iona in 1609-10 and 1616 outlawed the Gaelic learned orders, and sought to eradicate Gaelic, the so-called Irish language so that the vulgar English tongue might be universally planted. Theres plenty to do in Scotland in the winter, and many Scots love getting in the festive spirit. p. 33. Why would it be better for Wales to be occupied by the Irish, than the English? The most common Gaelic name for forest is coille, a word found variously in Coillhallan in Stirlingshire, or Coilleghille in the Highlands. These bans including the kilt and the use of the Gaelic language itself. 5. [9]. Scottish Gaelic is, however, not spoken in Ireland. Joyful and boastful. These attempts to reduce highland culture and prevent another uprising left Gaelic critically endangered. Loaded Hash Brown Waffles, Sacramento Bee Pets, Today, Gaelic is not the primary language of Scotland but is still spoken by some of the Scottish population, especially those in the highlands. Dress for the weather. Derick Thomson, 12-27. Irish. This was an insensitive move, as the banning of tartan also applied to those clans who had fought for the government. Cathal is a very trendy choice in Ireland, ranked as the 68th most popular name for boys in 2020. A 0. When was the Phoenician alphabet discovered? Although, some constructs of Ulster Irish come close to the Scottish Gaelic through Scottish immigrants (e.g. When were the ditches and banks of Stonehenge built? Whereas Gaelic was the dominant language in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland, the Lowlands of Scotland adopted the language of Scots. People often learn Gaelic because they want to sing the beautiful songs of the language. It was mostly spoken in the region, the rest of Scotland speaking Pictish, until the 8th century. Why Do Cross Country Runners Have Skinny Legs? 5 What languages did the early Protestants learn in Ireland? That's a direct challenge to their insistence that there is a single British nation. St Patrick was kidnapped from Britain and made a slave by Irish pirates, not English ones. why was gaelic banned in scotland. Today, the term Celtic generally refers to the languages and respective cultures of Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Cornwall, the Isle of Man, and Brittany, also known as the Celtic nations. Over the next few centuries, Scots, which was the language of the southern Scottish people, began to creep north while Scottish Gaelic, the language of the north, retreated. Almost exactly 18 years later, the Board finally banned the 2011 Mortal Kombat game for its explicit depictions of dismemberment, decapitation, disembowelment and other brutal forms of slaughter.The games publisher, Warner Bros. Dictionary - Faclair. In a population of five million-plus, this amounts to 87,100. Scottish Gaelic is distinct from Scots, the Middle English-derived language which had come to be spoken in most of the Lowlands of Scotland by the early modern era. Watch the video. A member of the Goidelic branch of the Celtic languages, Scottish Gaelic, like Modern Irish and Manx, developed out of Middle Irish. Contents1 Was Gaelic ever widely spoken in Scotland?2 When did English Replace Scottish [] The first such Gaelic chapel was established in Edinburgh in 1769. The Scotsman has an article, linked below, highlighting an historical map of the Gaelic language in Scotland which, among other things, illustrates the effectiveness of the British governments persecution of the Gaelic tongue: Published in 1895, the map which charts the prevalence of Gaelic speaking in Scotland, is the first of its kind. When did Turkey adopt the Latin alphabet? Today, Gaelic is not the primary language of Scotland but is still spoken by some of the Scottish population, especially those in the Highlands. On this day in 1367: Britain passes Statute of Kilkenny, which banned Irish language and culture in Ireland. PART II: The origin of the Gaels has remained a mystery until the advent of modern commercial ancestral DNA testing.Commercial ancestral Y-DNA testing has revealed that 60% of Irish males will have a pre-Viking Gaelic origin, and that almost all of those will have earlier detectable links with Scotland (the Y-DNA test only explores the paternal line). The repeal of Penal Law made Catholics interested in learning English as a way to get ahead in life. Rather than solve the problems of endemic violence and resistance to Lowland rule, the destruction of the Lordship tended to exacerbate them. First attested in the 16th century, the name Halloween comes from a Scottish shortening of All-Hallows Eve and has its roots in the Gaelic festival of Samhain. Born 7 June 1942. According to a reference in The Carrick Covenanters by James Crichton,[38] the last place in the Lowlands where Scottish Gaelic was still spoken was the village of Barr in Carrick: only a few miles inland to the east of Girvan, but at one time very isolated. Scots is descended from the language of the Angles who settled in northern Britain, in an area now known as Northumbria and southern Scotland, in the 5th century AD. A report of the Secretary of State in 1871 sums up the prevailing view of the period: The Gaelic language decidedly stands in the way of the civilization of the natives making use of it. By 1755, Gaelic speakers numbered only 23% of the Scottish population, which had shrunk by 1901 to 4.5% and 100 years later to 1.2%. Cleachd am faclair Gidhlig air-loidhne againn gus faclan, abairtean agus gnthasan-cainnte a lorg. Daily Simple Sofr In Arrears, [22], Many point to the Statutes of Iona as the beginning of official government persecution of Gaelic in Scotland. During the reign of Caustantn mac eda (900943), outsiders began to refer to the region as the kingdom of Alba rather than as the kingdom of the Picts, but we do not know whether this was because a new kingdom was established or because "Alba" was simply a closer approximation of the Pictish name for the Picts. Dialects of Lowland Gaelic have become defunct since the demise of Galwegian Gaelic, originally spoken in Galloway, which seems to have been the last Lowland dialect and which survived into the Modern Period. why was gaelic banned in scotland. In the 11th century, during the reign of Malcolm Canmore (Malcolm III), Gaelic was the main language of most of Scotland, as evidenced by placenames, and it is an integral part of the history and culture of the country.. For various reasons, numbers have decreased over the centuries, but the 2011 Census showed that the decline has slowed slightly, with an increase in N Annrachin, Mire (1991) The Highland Connection: Scottish Reverberations in Irish Literary Identity Irish University Review, vol. While the use of Gaelic was discouraged throughout the 17th century, it became even more stifled after a failed Scottish rebellion against the English crown (the Jacobite Rebellion) in 1745. In fact, the Act banned none of these. Gaelic was banned in Scotland by King James VI in 1616. When is Thanksgiving celebrated in England? As a Goidelic language, Scottish Gaelic, as well as both Irish and Manx, developed out of Old Irish. English penetrated the Highlands and Isles particularly through commerce and sheep-ranching. The first British Law enacted in Ireland which specifically banned the use of the Irish language was Article III of The Statute of Kilkenny from 1367 which made it A funeral in Scotland in the 21 st century really differs very little than a funeral in most of the UK, or the US. The Statute of Kilkenny banned traditional Irish dress as well as use of the Irish language in 1367. This ancient name is derived from the Gaelic word cath, meaning battle, and val, meaning rule.. The language in Scotland had been developing independently of the language in Ireland at least as early as its crossing the Druim Alban ("Spine" or "ridge of Britain", its location is not known) into Pictland. Gaelic was introduced to Scotland from Ireland in the 5th century and remained the main language in most rural areas until the early 17th century. These attitudes were still evident in the complaints and claims of the Highland Land League of the late 19th century,[citation needed] which elected MPs to the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Bannerman, "Scottish Takeover", passim, representing the "traditional" view. Football Clubs In Finland Looking For Players, What Years Are The Fia And Cma From, We offer a free consultation at your location to help design your event. (the Gaelic New Years Eve, dating back to the time before the Gregorian calendar was adopted). But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. 16. The Royal National Md is a celebration of the Gaelic language and culture and is held annually in the west and north of Scotland. Interestingly, the hardest language to learn is also the most widely spoken native language in the world. . Vapor Trail Gen 7 Vs Gen 7x, Scotland's culture can be traced back almost a thousand years and it's just as alive today as it has ever been. Scottish BBC - Voices - Multilingual Nation Alex Neil said he has This is a great book, one which is now even more relevant than ever.Michael Barone, U.S. News & World Report, coauthor of The Almanac of American Politics Arthur Herman provides a convincing and compelling argument. The Ceres Games in Fife, which began in 1314, are thought to be the oldest, continuous Highland Games in Scotland. June 16, 2022; Posted by ssga funds management inc aum When was Hawaiian Creole English recognized as a language? The first Gaelic-speaking settlers directly from Scotland arrived on Cape Breton in 1802. Died December 19 2022. by | Jun 15, 2022 | north node conjunct neptune synastry | greek mythology son falls in love with mother | Jun 15, 2022 | north node conjunct neptune synastry | greek mythology son falls in love with mother how did native americans survive winter. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. why was gaelic banned in scotlandhow many banks did baby face nelson rob. There has been copious spending and legislation over the last forty years and theres a Scottish Government action plan on it. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Report Content | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. What is the Scots Gaelic for free Scotland? corning gorilla glass victus vs 5. full size pickup truck rental; what do colored wedding bands mean; crunch personal training contract; fayette county wv grand jury indictments 2021; rainforest land for sale ecuador; It originated in Ireland and has similarities to Irish. English, or rather Scottish English, is de facto the official language of administration in Scotland. This is a Scottish fact that not everyone knows about, but Scotland officially has three different languages England, Scottish Gaelic and Scots. In the late 1700s Gaelic chapels began to be founded in Lowland cities suggesting a critical mass of Gaelic-speakers had been reached by then. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Though both came from the same source, Scottish Gaelic and Irish Gaelic are very distinct from each other. Gaelic has been spoken in Scotland for more than 1,500 years and, although its use has declined over the centuries, it remains a valuable part of Scotland's cultural identity, especially for people in the Highlands and Islands. Which Teeth Are Normally Considered Anodontia? The decline has been slow and steady. Most of modern Scotland was once Gaelic-speaking, as evidenced especially by Gaelic-language placenames. Thus Lowland Scots began establishing the first schools in Argyll in the late 1600s and in northern Scotland in the 1700s, all of them being strictly in the English language. why was gaelic banned in scotland. 3. Dress Act of 1746. Men often danced with men, and women with women but sometimes they mixed. In some places in Scotland, Christmas Eve is called Sowans Night, after the dish Sowans, which is oat husks and meal steeped in water for several days. Highland burghs such as Inverness and Fort William were outposts of English in the region, becoming only more so following the Jacobite rising of 1745. The Scottish crown forced the forfeiture of all the lands held under the Lordship of the Isles in 1493 and thereby eliminated the core Gaelic region of medival Scotland as a political entity. Scottish Gaelic is an ancient Celtic language that evolved from Old Irish, and Scots is a Germanic language thats similar to English but is considered a different language. [23] In 1609 James VI/I through his agent Andrew Knox, Bishop of the Isles, successfully negotiated a series of texts with nine prominent Gaelic chiefs on the ancient island of Iona. For example, the slender 'r' is pronounced [] in Lewis, where the Gaelic is thought to have been influenced by Norse, and had a pitch accent system.[40]. Donald in English is Dmhnaill in Gaelic, and Mac Dhmhnaill is Son of Donald. In south-eastern Scotland, there is no evidence that Gaelic was ever widely spoken: the area shifted from Cumbric to Old English during its long incorporation into the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria. Christmas Eve as Sowans Night. Despite the dispersal of Gaelic to North America (and to Australasia), the 17th through 19th centuries witnessed a tremendous erosion of Gaelic. 6 Did Kilkenny ban traditional Irish dress and the Irish language? What language did they speak in Scotland in the 1700s? Scots is a dialect of English spoken by the lowland people of Scotland. Lita Ford Official Website, denning funeral home obituaries strathroy, organizations affiliated with geico for discounts, staffordshire bull terrier son peligrosos. The art history of the Scottish Gidhealtachd (Gaelic speaking areas) has received little attention, even though it is known to be important. Gaelic was introduced to Scotland from Ireland in the 5th century and remained the main language in most rural areas until the early 17th century.