151-166. (1954). Coviello, T.; Matricardi, P.; Marianecci, C.; Alhaique, F. (2007). WebDextran produced from Weissella cibaria JAG8 was purified and characterized. Arch Dermatol Res. Biophysical Journal, 87, 4259-4270. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 38, 2591-2598. Search 2023 Feb 17;12(4):861. doi: 10.3390/foods12040861. In order to understand the behavior of this biopolymer in water and to support changes at the M-H parameters with temperature, the hydrodynamic parameters are analyzed (hydrodynamic radius, (RH); Simha number, ((a/b)); Perrin parameter (P); Flory parameter (0); and stiffness chain (dln[]/dT)). The results are shown to be in good agreement with available hydrodynamic models for spherical solutes in cylindrical pores with the effective solute to pore size ratio evaluated using a partitioning model which implicitly FITC-dextran solution was prepared at 1mM in PBS. The value of Mv is different from Mn, Mw, and Mz in a polydisperse polymer sample [38, 60, 61, 62]. osmotic pressure or light scattering). Chen Rong Huei; Min Lang Tsai (1998). The radius of gyration is typically calculated from static scattering measurements, while the hydro-dynamic radius (or equivalent sphere radius) is deter-mined by dynamic light scattering or other diffusion measurements. Drug Deliv. Superior prebiotic and physicochemical properties of novel dextran from Weissella cibaria JAG8 for potential food applications. These structural differences can significantly affect FITC-dextran delivery due to even after microporation [30]. Macromolecules, 29, 2265-2268. Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2012). Viswanath, D.S. The relative browning for dextran from W. cibaria JAG8 was similar to commercial prebiotic Nutraflora P-95 and 3-fold lower than Raftilose P-95. 2011;5(2):95132. The molecular mass of dextran as determined by the gel filtration and copper bicinchoninate method was approximately, 800 kDa. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. Many works are aimed at determining molecular weights [1, 7, 26], hydrodynamic radius, among other parameters for characterizing the physics and chemistry properties of dextran in solution. Challenges in analysis of high-molar mass dextrans: Comparison of HPSEC, AsFlFFF and DOSY NMR spectroscopy. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. Carbohydrate Polymers 72, 356-360. Huggins, Maurice L. (1942). Materiaux 1-5. Soc., 21, 1, 78-86. Journal of Polymer Science, 17, 527-546. MeSH terms The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. In the case of the work performed in references [34, 35, 36] they studied using the number average molecular weight, which rearranges the value of a and forces it to enter into unbranched or linear molecules, on the other hand, if molecular weights are used the value would be less than 0.5. Senti, F. R.; Hellman, N. N.; Ludwig, G.; Babcock, E.; Tobin, R.; Class, C. A., (1955). 2013 May;64(3):346-54. doi: 10.3109/09637486.2012.734289. The parameters of Mark-Houwink for polymers can vary with the polymer solution and temperature. 4K, b M.W. Equivalent Radii and Ratios of Radii from Solution Properties as Indicators of Macromolecular Conformation, Shape, and Flexibility. An official website of the United States government. Microporation techniques for enhanced delivery of therapeutic agents. Actually, everything depends on solvent you want to use and temperature. If you want to know gyration (Rg)or hydrodynamic (Rh) radius, you should The value of qM-H varies from one sample to another one, because it is a function of a and the average molecular weights (Mv, Mw). However, when molecules deviate from globular to non-spherical or elongated structures then Rg/Rh tend to values upwards of Dear Sir. Alan F Rawle , Can you help me in calculating the size of dextran 4 (molecular weight= 4000) and dextran 10 (molecular weight 10,000)? Th ; Patel, T.R. Macromolecules, 31, 7712-7716. California Privacy Statement, The Mark-Houwink parameters indicate the dependence with temperature (T) in the range from 20 to 50C, ie with increasing T a increases and kM-H decreases. (1999). Palmuti Braga Vettoria, Mary Helen; Martins Franchetti, Sandra Mara; Contiero, Jonas (2012). The term f/f0 is sometimes denoted as P, Perrin constant. Polysaccharide hydrogels for modified release formulations. Smith, David R.; Raymonda, John W. (1972). The dextran was chosen as another branched polysaccharide which, like the others was suspected to show hyperbranched behavior. The intrinsic viscosity calculation requires several concentrations, and because of this inconvenient will not use the Huggins method in this paper. J Appl Toxicol. WebDextran 40 Pharmaceutical Quality. Harding, Stephen E. (2005). We believe that the microporation device can be used as a potential technique for effective transdermal drug delivery. Hennink, W.E. These values indicate for dextrans in dilute aqueous solution, both methods give very similar results of the intrinsic viscosity and the respective Mw. The dextran has the advantage in terms of low cytotoxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and water-solubility. Microneedles and their applications. WebLabeled dextrans are hydrophilic polysaccharides most commonly used in microscopy studies to monitor cell division, track the movement of live cells, and to report the Guner, A.; Kibarer, G. (2001). The optical image and histological analysis confirmed that the micropores on the skin were recovered over time. 2016;9706:97061E6. Carbohydr Polym. Ann Surg Oncol. 4K and M.W. When applied to adherent cell cultures, the APGD-t is capable of inducing temporary cell permeabilization. Typical examples are the classical size-independent combinations like the Flory parameter, which that combine the intrinsic viscosity, [], and the gyration radius, Rg: These quantities have been proposed along the years, by different eminent scientists, after whom they are named. 1984;17(6):11703. It has been found that, when applied to water treatment, it can effectively act on refractory organic matter in wastewater through thermal decomposition and water molecular action to produce free Increased epidermal laser fluence through simultaneous ultrasonic microporation. Kim, D.; Robyt, J. F.; So-Young Lee; Jin-Ha Lee; Young-Min Kim. Biomacromolecules 8, 2464-2475. RBECs were passaged onto cell culture inserts as described and cultured for a further 714 days in vitro. 2008;28(5):64557. Would you like email updates of new search results? Pharmaceut Sci Tech. Normally, the skin loses very little water loss whereas damaged skin loses more [22]. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. Pribush, A.; Zilberman-Kravits, D.; Meyerstein, N. (2007). The value of P increases from 1.0272 to 1.2694 (spherical shape with tendency to spheroid for high Mw). Named after George Gabriel Stokes, it is closely related to solute mobility, factoring in not only size but also solvent effects.A smaller ion with stronger hydration, for example, may have a greater Stokes radius than a larger ion with The explanation for the anomalous values of a and kM-H is because the mixture solute-solvent is highly compatible due a great compaction of biopolymer, from undisturbed state in the absence of interactions, where free energy of mixing less than zero, and emphasize the nature non-linear or hyperbranched of dextran for Mw high to 200kDa. The a value is higher than calculated in this work, because these calculations were performed with number average molecular weight (Mn) which rearranges the value of a and forces him to enter into unbranched or linear molecules (a > 0.5), on the other hand, if molecular weights (Mw) ware used to value would be less than 0.5. Each skin pores was captured using a microscope and the obtained images were analyzed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA). In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of RF microporation technology in vitro, by evaluating the permeation of fluorescent-conjugated dextran (FITC-dextran) of various molecular weights through the human and pig skin after microporation, using a transdermal diffusion cell system. WebTo address this perception, in the current study, FITC-dextran of different MWs (10, 70 and 150 kDa) was used to model the transdermal delivery of low MW biotherapeutics and mAbs with MWs of approximately 150 kDa. Journal of Chemical Education, 49(8), 577-579. SEC of mono-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in a wide range of pH, MarkHouwink constants. Hi Khanh, Alan is taking a little time off of Research Gate at the moment, but here is some information in reply to your question. Saudi Pharm J. Catiker, E.; Guner, A. Increased TEWL values are evidence of micropores formation. (1954). The solution viscosity () is related to the solvent viscosity (o), resulting in the relative viscosity. Correspondence to Thus, it is accepted that, for every flexible-chain polymer in a (ideal) solvent, there is a universal value of 0 = 2.1-2.5x1023mol-1 [52]. ; Fran, H.P. Transdermal drug delivery is an attractive alternative that addresses the limitations of oral and parenteral routes of drug administration; it enables controlled release and long-term systemic drug delivery through the skin, avoids hepatic first-pass effect, avoids gastrointestinal drug degradation, reduces discomfort and trauma resulting from hypodermic injections, and prevents safety hazards associated with dangerous medical waste from needles [1, 2]. Gillespie, T.; Hulme, M. A. Huang S, Huang G. Preparation and drug delivery of dextran-drug complex. Various average molecular weights (Mv, Mn, Mw, and Mz) instead of Mv were substituted in M-H equation. In our present study, microporated skin permeated insufficient amount of 20K FITC-dextran, suggesting that enhancement of permeability was unsuccessful with macromolecules of more than 20KM.W.. At 20C data "a" value obtained in this work is intermediate to those given by references [1, 37] while the value of kM-H is lower. Google Scholar. Degrees of long-chain branching in dextrans. The equation 4 can be rearranged and resulted in a modified M-H equation as follows: where the value qM-H is the polydispersity correction factor, and it is a statistical function of the molecular weight distribution. H&E stained images were analyzed using Image J software. DLS tests were conducted at detection angle of 90 (standard) and 173 (backscatter) to measure protein hydrodynamic radius, while protein charge was examined in phase analysis light scattering (PALS) mode at detection angle of 15 (forward). Eng. The .gov means its official. a Microscopy images of micropore and b quantified data using ImageJ after 0 (immediately), 4, 8, and 24h according to the number of times microproration was done (n=150, *: p<0.05). After 8h, the micropore became more distorted from the previous circle, suggesting that the micropores were closing. WebFluorescent and biotinylated dextrans are routinely employed to trace neuronal projections. The Hydrodynamic Radii of Macromolecules and Their Effect on Red Blood Cell Aggregation. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted (2008). Amersham Biosciences, AA Edition, www.amershambiosciences.com. Fixable: Fixable via Lysine. For a rigid or rod like polymer molecule that is greatly extended in solution, the Mark-Houwink a constant approaches to a value of 2.0 [48].The hydrodynamic radius (RH), for a sphere ((a/b) = 2.5) is given by the Einstein relation [49]. Dextran is soluble in water, methyl sulphoxide, formamide, ethylene glycol, glycerol, 4-methylmorpholine-4-oxide, and hexamethyl phosphamide [4]. Karmarkar, S.; Garber, R.: Kluza, J.; Koberda, M. (2006). A sugar cane native dextran as an innovative functional excipient for the development of pharmaceutical tablets. As intrinsic viscosity of dextrans decreases with an increase in solution temperature; chain flexibility enhances with an increase in temperature (see Table 4) showing that the intrinsic viscosity of dextran (with different molecular weights Mw from 8.8 to 200kDa) decreases linearly with an temperature increase in solution, but change to high molecular weight to hyperbranched macromolecule. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. Privacy 2013, Article ID 360239, pp. GPC Symp. The hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of individual samples of dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyoxyethylene over a range of molecular weights (1,500 An undergraduate physical chemistry experiment. Drug Discov Today Technol. The Solomon-Ciuta single-point method is used for calculating dextran intrinsic viscosity and the error relative is calculated, and %RE respect to Huggins method is >4.18% for 2000kDa, and >2.06% for 8.8kDa (Table 2). Characterization and Classification of Dextrans from Ninety-six Strains of Bacteria. Ioan, C.E. Carbohydrate Polymers 87, 405-410. 4, 10, and 20K) was measured using the Transdermal diffusion cell system. 2021 Aug;13(4):915-925. doi: 10.1007/s12602-021-09751-1. 2018 Aug 9;23(8):1984. doi: 10.3390/molecules23081984. The micropore formed at the SC through to the epidermis, enabling drug delivery. Progress in Measurement, Interpretation and Application to Structure in Dilute Solution. Crini, G. (2005). However, the currently available transdermal systems are limited by low drug permeability across the skin due to the lipophilic barrier function of the stratum corneum (SC), the outermost skin layer of the skin [3,4,5]; the methods favor low molecular mass, and lipophilic molecules, making it difficult to exploit the transdermal route for large and water-soluble molecules such as proteins and peptides. Ind. The values of Mark-Houwink parameters universalized for the range of working temperatures are the following: 0.4267 for a*, and 0.1455 cm3/g for k*M-H, with 2 of 0.9399. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies 2005;304(1):27486. Formation of dextran hydrogels by crystallization. The Mark-Houwink a constant is close to 0.75 (or higher) for these good solvents. what will you do to keep amazon safe answers; amarsi assisted living; peter clarke, emilia clarke; personality characteristics of kiran mazumdar shaw; karina mitchell age; mirela romanian orphan died; dsa presidential endorsement; dextran hydrodynamic radius. Challenges for the modern analytical ultracentrifuge analysis of polysaccharides. Study of temperature influence. Carbohydrate Polymers, 74, 372-378. Viscosity, sedimentation, and light-scattering properties of fraction of an acidhydrolyzed dextran. The [] is connected to the dimensions of the biopolymer molecule isolated in a certain solvent. Antoniou, E.; Buitrago, C. F.; Tsianou, M.; Alexandridis, P. (2010). Prausnitz MR, Langer R. Transdermal drug delivery. However, the results did not show significant regeneration of micropore compared to previous in vivo studies which reported significant regeneration [25]. For a given polymer-solvent pair, the theta condition is satisfied at a certain temperature, called the theta () temperature or theta point. A long-chain polymer molecule in solution takes on a somewhat kinked or curled shape, intermediate between a tightly curled mass (coil) and a rigid linear configuration. Furthermore, the influence of temperature on the intrinsic viscosity is given by the chain flexibility parameter (dln[]/dT), which gives information about the conformation of the macromolecule chain in solution [62]. TEWL measurements were taken 30min after microporation of the human and pig skin. ; Wood, P.J. The most widely applied coatings for FDA-approved SPIONs are dextran and carboxydextran. However, in vitro investigations are very few. volume24, Articlenumber:22 (2020) Transdermal drug delivery: overcoming the skins barrier function. The Transdermal diffusion cell system was protected from light. The characteristic Rg/Rh value for a globular protein is ~0.775, which means that Rg is smaller than Rh. Journal of Physical Chemistry. The calculation of Mark-Houwink parameters is carried out by the graphic representation of the following equation: where kMH (cm3/g) and a are Mark-Houwink constants, depending on the type of polymer, solvent, and temperature of intrinsic viscosity determinations [46]. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. Webof overall macromolecular geometry and hydrodynamic draining. (1987). WebThe invention relates to novel fluorescent dyes with multiple negatively charged groups in their ionized form which are 9-aminoacridines or 1-aminopyrene shaving of one of the fol ; Bataille, B. Carbohydrate Polymers, 68, 477-488. The (a/b) value is 2.5 which confirms that dextran in aqueous solution is a biopolymer with a spherical conformation for an Mw range from 8.8 to 200kDa, and with tendency to compaction with increasing temperature (RH decreases). 4h after microporation, the sizes of the micropore decreased slightly. The Mark-Houwink. These results are in agreement with a previous study which suggested that the microporation using radiofrequency causes disruption of the SC, enabling the percutaneous permeation of the FITC-dextran [21]. (2003). Aqueous solutions of amphiphilic polysaccharides: Concentration and temperature effect on viscosity. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Drug deliv. The value of kM-H in this work decreases with increasing temperature in contrast to published by reference [34] where kM-H increases. Biological skin substitutes for wound cover and closure. Human cadaver skins (fresh human full-thickness skin disc, 12~20mm) were supplied by Biopredic International (Saint-Grgoire, France). For a sphere and a random coil 0 the values are 9.23x1023 mol-1 and 2.60x 1023mol-1, respectively. Kuge Takashi; Kimie Kobayashi; Shinichi Kitamura; Hiroshi Tanahashi. (2007). Huggins equation [41] gives the relation to the relative viscosity increase (i). In the range of working temperatures and molecular weights of dextrans, similar intrinsic viscosity results obtained by other researchers and published here are slight, as shown in tables 1 and 3. Table 5 shows the data of Mark-Houwink parameters determined in figure 4 from linear regressions with 2 values higher than 0.9797. Unperturbed dimensions and theta temperature of dextran in aqueous solutions. Expert Rev Med Devices. As a consequence of the diversity in their origin, the set of classical universal size independent quantities suffers from shortcomings. Physicochemical studies of oligodextran. These results indicate that healing and regeneration occurred in the human cadaver skin after the microporation. A solvent at this temperature is called a theta solvent [53]. The particular dextrans which were used initially for conversion into synthetic blood-volume expanders [6, 7], human red blood cells aggregation for increasing the degree of polymerization and hence the molecular weight [8, 9, 10], hydrogels and microspheres [11], in drug transport system and its modifications as nanoparticles [12], in the removal through absorption of contaminant effluents such as heavy metals, organic molecules and inks [13], in the formation of biodegradable films [14, 15]. Proc. Ghimici, Luminita; Nichifora, Marieta; Eich, Andreas; Wolf, Bernhard A. Comparison of single-point and dilution procedures. Radiofrequency with microneedling. Synthesis of water-soluble and water-insoluble amphiphilic derivatives of dextran in organic medium. Int J Pharm Investig. 2012;87(6):1728. For a values from 0-0.5 a rigid sphere is predicted in a ideal solvent, from 0.5-0.8 a random coil in good solvent, and from 0.8-2 a rigid or rod like shape is expected (stiff chain). Viscosity of Liquids. Immediately after formation, the microchannels are filled with interstitial fluid, making them hydrophilic, and a suitable drug delivery system [15]. In the case of a poor solvent, a temperature increase causes an increase in entropy and intrinsic viscosity and is favorable for the extended conformation. In this work, we evaluate the maximum radius of macromolecules able to enter into HeLa cells following a plasma treatment using a size exclusion approach with dextran molecules. (1991). Masuelli, Martin Alberto. 24h after microporation, the pore sizes reduced from 64.8817.20m (0h) to 48.854.27m (24h), and the pore depths reduced from 83.9120.56m (0h) to 63.9527.61m (24h). a Immediately after microporation, b 4h, c 8h, and d 24h (n=5, *: p<0.05). We will also conduct further studies on the regeneration of human cadaver skin and evaluate the possibilities of clinical trials. A single frequency laser is directed to the sample contained in a cuvette. After 24h, the cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran M.W. (2008). PMC The Transdermal diffusion cell system (DHC-6TD, LOGAN instrument, USA) was used to assess FITC-dextran permeability in vitro. Differences were considered statistically significant at p <0.05. We offer more than 50 fluorescent and biotinylated dextran conjugates in several molecular weight ranges. Use of the single point method is correct because it is based in the Huggins method (HM); owing the HM requiring many viscosity and density measurements (at least four) for each Mw, but Solomon Ciuta method with a single measure is sufficient. Viet, D.; Beck-Candanedo, S.; Gray D. G. (2008). Molecular Weight Distributions of Water-Soluble Polymers by Flow Field-Flow Fractionation. The microporation device based on radiofrequency can be used to enhance delivery efficiency by removing the epidermis layer. In vitro studies with human cadaver skin is a viable, ethical, and economical alternative for in vivo animal studies. Pharm Res. (more or less, with a hydrodynamic radius of less than 100 nm) to cross from the vasculature into the interstitium. De Belder, A. N. (2001). All possible degrees of curling can be displayed by any molecule, but there will be an average configuration which will depend on the solvent. The analysis of errors using the Solomon-Ciuta method is compared with HM [59].
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