First Station: Jesus is condemned to death, Saint of the Day for Saturday, March 4th, 2023, Sixth Station: Veronica wipes the face of Jesus, Eighth Station: Jesus meets the women of Jerusalem. Besides his Moral Theology, the Saint wrote a large number of dogmatic and ascetical works nearly all in the vernacular. He was somewhat worldly and ambitious, at any rate for his son, and was rough tempered when opposed. Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads. His writings on moral, theological, and ascetic matters had great impact and have survived through the years, especially his Moral Theology and his Glories of Mary. In response, Alphonsus dedicated himself to the religious life, even while suffering persecution from his family. The basic elements of an Act of Spiritual Communion are an Act of Faith, an Act of Love, a desire to receive Christ, and an . The favors and graces by which God attested his sanctity 526 CHAPTER XXXVI. Revelations from God, the Saints, and the Angels through the Miracle of Saint Joseph, started in 1967 and continuing to this day. He founded the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, known as the Redemptorists, in November 1732. Very few remarks upon his own times occur in the Saint's letters. "Banquets, entertainments, theatres," he wrote later on--"these are the pleasures of the world, but pleasures which are filled with the bitterness of gall and sharp thorns. St. Alphonsus Liguori Opening Prayer My Lord Jesus Christ, you have made this journey to die for me with infinite love. Your gift is tax-deductible as allowed by law. [5], A gifted musician and composer, he wrote many popular hymns and taught them to the people in parish missions. When the day came the future Saint made a brilliant opening speech and sat down confident of victory. "The life of St. Alphonsus Maria de Liguori" (1855)John Murphy & Co., Baltimore, 1855, "Saint Alphonsus Maria de Liguori", St. Alphonsus Liguori Parish, Peterborough, Ontario, The life of St. Alphonsus Maria de Liguori, Bishop of St. Agatha of the Goths and founder of the Congregation of the Holy Redeemer, Tannoja, Antonio (d. 1808), John Murphy & Co. (1855), "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Alphonsus Liguori", "Alphonsus Maria de Liguori", Saint Alphonsus Mary de Liguori Parish, Makati City Philippines, "1st English Translation of St. Alphonsus Liguori's Moral Theology", https://www.avemarialynnfield.org/sites/g/files/zjfyce466/files/2021-01/Stations-of-the-Cross-St-Liguori.pdf, Liguori, Alphonsus. Let's start with the saint. But, before relating the episode of the "Regolamento", as it is called, we must speak of the period of the Saint's episcopate which intervened. He answered emphatically: "Never! The early years, following the founding of the new order, were not promising. In 1732, while he was staying at the Convent of the Consolation, one of his order's houses in the small city of Deliceto in the province of Foggia in Southeastern Italy, Liguori wrote the Italian carol "Tu scendi dalle stelle" ("From Starry Skies Descending") in the musical style of a pastorale. If you donate just $5.00, the price of your coffee, Catholic Online School could keep thriving. But as he drew up a rule for them, formed from that of the Visitation nuns, he does not seem to have had any clear idea of establishing the new institute of his vision. His best plan would have been to consult the Holy See, but in this he had been forestalled. His works have gone through several thousand editions and have been translated into more than 60 languages. Theabbot of that monastery soon after visited it, and attempted to reform it, but he didnot succeed; and one day he saw a great number of demons entering the cells of all thenuns except that of Jane, for the heavenly mother, before whose image he saw herpraying, banished them from that. In 1724, soon after Alphonsus left the world, a postulant, Julia Crostarosa, born in Naples on 31 October, 1696, and hence almost the same age as the Saint, entered the convent of Scala. Description [ edit] The book was written at a time when some were criticizing Marian devotions, and was written in part as a defense of Marian devotion. The saints are not inhuman but real men of flesh and blood, however much some hagiographers may ignore the fact. So many times I have sinned, but I repent sincerely because I love you. The Vicar General, Monsignor Onorati drew up the minutes of the diocesan trial which lasted two years from 1772 to 1774. The foundation faced immediate problems, and after just one year, Alphonsus found himself with only one lay brother, his other companions having left to form their own religious group. The Saint's confessor declared that he preserved his baptismal innocence till death. You have overlooked a document which destroys your whole case." Fearful temptations against every virtue crowded upon him, together with diabolical apparitions and illusions, and terrible scruples and impulses to despair which made life a hell. St. Alphonsus Liguori, the Prince of Moral Theologians, was one of the greatest preachers in Church history. Born: September 27, 1696. There can be little doubt but that the young Alphonsus with his high spirits and strong character was ardently attached to his profession, and on the way to be spoilt by the success and popularity which it brought. He first addressed ecclesiastical abuses in the diocese, reformed the seminary and spiritually rehabilitated the clergy and faithful. The difficulty about strong wills and strong passions is that they are hard to tame, but when they are tamed they are the raw material of sanctity. He fed the poor, instructed the ignorant, reorganized his seminary, reformed his convents, created a new spirit in his clergy, banished scandalous noblemen and women of evil life with equal impartiality, brought the study of theology and especially of moral theology into honour, and all the time was begging pope after pope to let him resign his office because he was doing nothing for his diocese. By AClarke625. Transcription. [16] The 21,500 editions and the translations into 72 languages that his works have undergone attest to the fact that he is one of the most widely-read Catholic authors. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Paul T. Crowley. In 1871, Alphonsus was declared a Doctor of the Church by Pope Pius IX. To come to saints, the great Jesuit missionary St. Francis di Geronimo took the little Alphonsus in his arms, blessed him, and prophesied that he would do great work for God; while a Franciscan, St. John Joseph of the Cross, was well known to Alphonsus in later life. "St. Alphonsus Liguori". Moral Theology (also known as the Theologia Moralis) is a nine-volume work concerning Catholic moral theology written between 1748 and 1785 by Alphonsus Liguori, a Catholic theologian and Doctor of the Church.This work is not to be confused with Theologia moralis universa ad mentem S. Alphonsi, a 19th-century treatise by Pietro Scavini written in the philosophical tradition of Alphonsus Liguori. All materials contained on this site, whether written, audible or visual are the exclusive property of Catholic Online and are protected under U.S. and International copyright laws, Copyright 2022 Catholic Online. Courts, you shall never see me more." Printable Catholic Saints PDFs The Saint's mother was of Spanish descent, and if, as there can be little doubt, race is an element in individual character, we may see in Alphonsus's Spanish blood some explanation of the enormous tenacity of purpose which distinguished him from his earliest years. At all events, it proved disastrous in the result. In February, 1775, however, Pius VI was elected Pope, and the following May he permitted the Saint to resign his see. Blessed Clement Hofbauer joined the Redemptorist congregation in the aged Saint's lifetime, though Alphonsus never saw in the flesh the man whom he knew would be the second founder of his Order. Shrines were built there and at St. Agatha of the Goths. He who ruled and directed others so wisely, had, where his own soul was concerned, to depend on obedience like a little child. Alphonsus was not sent to school but was educated by tutors under his father's eye. [4] He was ordained on 21 December 1726, at the age of 30. He had a tender charity towards all who were in trouble; he would go to any length to try to save a vocation; he would expose himself to death to prevent sin. The Government throughout had recognized the good effect of his missions, but it wished the missionaries to be secular priests and not a religious order. Colletta's book gives the best general picture of the time, but is marred by anti-clerical bias. Testa, the Grand Almoner, even to have his Rule approved. So indeed it proved. In a civil action a serious preponderance of evidence gives one side the case. Of extraordinary passive states, such as rapture, there are not many instances recorded in his life, though there are some. Alphonsus said nothing in his "Moral Theology" which is not the common teaching of Catholic theologians. Filangieri forbade any change of rule and removed Falcoia from all communication with the convent. [5], By May 1775, Alphonus was "deaf, blind, and laden with so many infirmities, that he has no longer even the appearance of a man", and his resignation was accepted by the recently crowned Pope Pius VI. In September of the next year he received the tonsure and soon after joined the association of missionary secular priests called the "Neapolitan Propaganda", membership of which did not entail residence in common. Liguori suffered from scruples much of his adult life and felt guilty about the most minor issues relating to sin. Although the doctors succeeded in straightening the neck a little, the Saint for the rest of his life had to drink at meals through a tube. Canonized: May 26, 1839. St. Alphonsus does not offer as much directly to the student of mystical theology as do some contemplative saints who have led more retired lives. Except for the chances of European war, England and Naples were then in different worlds, but Alphonsus may have seen at the side of Don Carlos when he conquered Naples in 1734, an English boy of fourteen who had already shown great gallantry under fire and was to play a romantic part in history, Prince Charles Edward Stuart. A long process followed in the Court of Rome, and on 22 September, 1780, a provisional Decree, which on 24 August, 1781, was made absolute, recognized the houses in the Papal States as alone constituting the Redemptorist Congregation. In April 1729, the Apostle of China, Matthew Ripa, founded a missionary college in Naples, which became known colloquially as the "Chinese College". The chapels were centres of prayer and piety, preaching, community, social activities, and education. He continued to live with the Redemptorist community in Pagani, Italy, where he died on 1 August 1787. My email address is webmaster at newadvent.org. The editor of New Advent is Kevin Knight. Quite recently, a duet composed by him, between the Soul and God, was found in the British Museum bearing the date 1760 and containing a correction in his own handwriting. Actually, the document was a new rule devised by one of his enemies, thus causing the followers of the old rule to break away. He was canonized in 1839 by Pope Gregory XVI and proclaimed a Doctor of the Church by Pope Pius IX in 1871. Some persons, boasting of being free from prejudices, take great credit to themselvesfor believing no miracles but those recorded in the holy scriptures, esteeming all others. March 1, 1907. He was a man of strong passions, using the term in the philosophic sense, and tremendous energy, but from childhood his passions were under control. In the last years of his life, he suffered a painful sickness and bitter persecution from his fellow priests, who dismissed him from the Congregation that he had founded. The eighteenth century was one series of great wars; that of the Spanish, Polish, and Austrian Succession; the Seven Years' War, and the War of American Independence, ending with the still more gigantic struggles in Europe, which arose out of the events of 1789. Catholic Encyclopedia. The German life, DILGSKRON, Leben des heiligen Bischofs und Kirchenlehrers, Alfonsus Maria de Liguori (New York, 1887), is scholarly and accurate. a fresh vision of Sister Maria Celeste seemed to show that such was the will of God. The Holy Father addressed the faithful taking part in the General audience of Wednesday, 1 August [2012], in Piazza della Libert, the square outside the Papal residence in Castel Gandolfo. In 1949, the Redemptorists founded the Alphonsian Academy for the advanced study of Catholic moral theology. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Author and Publisher - Catholic Online Clarence F. Galli. Alphonsus being so old and so inform he was eighty-five, crippled, deaf, and nearly blind his one chance of success was to be faithfully served by friends and subordinates, and he was betrayed at every turn. By age nineteen he was practicing law, but he saw the transitory nature of the secular world, and after a brief time, retreated from the law courts and his fame. It is remarkable that only 25 years after the Scapular vision, Blessed Pope Gregory X was buried He remained thunderstruck for a moment; then said in a broken voice: "You are right. We're not salespeople, but we depend on donations averaging $14.76 and fewer than 1% of readers give. This involves expressing our faith in Christ and in His Presence in the Eucharist, and asking Him to unite Himself with us. Saint Alphonsus Liguori 1696 - 1787. The Neapolitan stage at this time was in a good state, but the Saint had from his earliest years an ascetic repugnance to theatres, a repugnance which he never lost. Bishop, Doctor of the Church, and the founder of the Redemptorist Congregation. Confident that some special sacrifice was required of him, though he did not yet know what, he did not return to his profession, but spent his days in prayer, seeking to know God's will. In 1731, the convent unanimously adopted the new Rule, together with a habit of red and blue, the traditional colours of Our Lord's own dress. Saint Alphonsus Liguori. With their aid, Aiphonsus founded the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer on November 9, 1732. It will be remembered that even as a young man his chief distress at his breakdown in court was the fear that his mistake might be ascribed to deceit. If any reader of this article will go to original sources and study the Saint's life at greater length, he will not find his labour thrown away. After a short interval--we do not know exactly how long--the answer came. He founded the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (the Redemptorists). He was baptized two days later in the church of Our Lady of the Virgins, in Naples. Tannoia was born about 1724 and entered the Redemptorist Congregation in 1746. In all this there was no serious sin, but there was no high sanctity either, and God, Who wished His servant to be a saint and a great saint, was now to make him take the road to Damascus. St. Alphonsus appeared a miracle of calm to Tannoia. Alphonsus Mary Antony John Cosmas Damian Michael Gaspard de' Liguori was born in his father's country house at Marianella near Naples, on Tuesday, 27 September, 1696. Office Hours: Mon - Fri: 8am-4pm, Saturday: 9am-12pm . From the year 1759 two former benefactors of the Congregation, Baron Sarnelli and Francis Maffei, by one of those changes not uncommon in Naples, had become its bitter enemies, and waged a vendetta against it in the law courts which lasted for twenty-four years. Most were in favour of accepting, but the superior objected and appealed to Filangieri, Falcoia's colleague in establishing the convent, and now, as General of the "Pii Operarii", his superior. Although there are many modern . The family was of noble lineage, but the branch to which Liguori belonged had become somewhat impoverished. By 1777, the Saint, in addition to four houses in Naples and one in Sicily, had four others at Scifelli, Frosinone, St. Angelo a Cupolo, and Beneventum, in the States of the Church. In 1723 there was a lawsuit in the courts between a Neapolitan nobleman, whose name has not come down to us, and the Grand Duke of Tuscany, in which property valued at 500,000 ducats, that to say, $500,000 or 100,000 pounds, was at stake. After 1752 Alphonsus gave fewer missions. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The question as to what does or does not constitute a lie is not an easy one, but it is a subject in itself. St. Alphonsus, after publishing anonymously (in 1749 and 1755) two treatises advocating the right to follow the less probable opinion, in the end decided against that lawfulness, and in case of doubt only allowed freedom from obligation where the opinions for and against the law were equal or nearly equal. [2] Moreover, he heard an interior voice saying: "Leave the world, and give yourself to me."[5]. There is a somewhat unsatisfactory French translation of Tannoia's work. The other was not to be long delayed. His spirituality was both affective and active, centered above all on the Passion of Jesus Christ as the principal sign of our Savior's love for us. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. In a riot which took place during the terrible famine that fell upon Southern Italy in 1764, he saved the life of the syndic of St. Agatha by offering his own to the mob. She was declared Venerable 11 August, 1901. The family was an old and noble one, though the branch to which the Saint belonged had become somewhat impoverished. In liturgical art he is depicted as bent over with rheumatism or as a young priest. Though St. Alphonsus was founder and de facto head of the Institute, its general direction in the beginning, as well as the direction of Alphonsus's conscience, was undertaken by the Bishop of Castellamare and it was not till the latter's death, 20 April, 1743, that a general chapter was held and the Saint was formally elected Superior-General. A respected opponent was the redoubtable Dominican controversialist, P. Vincenzo Patuzzi, while to make up for hard blows we have another Dominican, P. Caputo, President of Alphonsus's seminary and a devoted helper in his work of reform. St. Alphonsus was a brilliant, articulate, pragmatic preacher. He often writes as a Neapolitan to Neapolitans. Neapolitan students, in an animated but amicable discussion, seem to foreign eyes to be taking part in a violent quarrel. They followed this gifted preacher from church to church and town to town to hear him give a message of hope in Christ for all people. A fearful commotion arose. This has recently been translated into English with additions and corrections (Dublin, 2 vols., royal SVO); DUMORTIER, Les premihres Redemptoristines (Lille, 1886), and Le Phre Antoine-Marie Tannoia (Paris, 1902), contain some useful information; as does BERRUTI, Lo Spirito di S. Alfonso Maria de Liguori, 3 ed. St. Alphonsus Liguori's prayer to Jesus Christ to obtain His holy love comes from the "Rule of Life", a guide for growing in holiness. He was the eldest of seven children of Giuseppe Liguori, a naval officer and Captain of the Royal Galleys, and Anna Maria Caterina Cavalieri. Even where he is not that, he may generally be trusted, as he was a Boswell in collecting facts. It has a tendency at every moment to deflect, and if it does deflect from the right path, the greater the momentum the more terrible the final crash. (London, 1904). Soon after this the boy began his studies for the Bar, and about the age of nineteen practised his profession in the courts. Thank you. According to this view he chose a different formula from the Jesuit writers, partly because he thought his own terms more exact, and, partly to save his teaching and his congregation as far as possible from the State persecution which after 1764 had already fallen so heavily on the Society of Jesus, and in 1773 was formally to suppress it. He called his system Equiprobabilism. Saint Alphonsus Liguori's Story Moral theology, Vatican II said, should be more thoroughly nourished by Scripture, and show the nobility of the Christian vocation of the faithful and their obligation to bring forth fruit in charity for the life of the world. In addition his father made him practice the harpsichord for three hours a day, and at the age of thirteen he played with the perfection of a master. He was fervent about using common words in . St. Louis, MO 63106 | parish130@archstl.org | Tel: (314) 533-0304. Daily Readings for Friday, March 03, 2023, St. Katharine Drexel: Saint of the Day for Friday, March 03, 2023, Lenten Prayer: Prayer of the Day for Monday, February 27, 2023. In 1732 he founded the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, or the Redemptorists, at Scala. Nihil Obstat. Alphonsus's father, Don Joseph de' Liguori was a naval officer and Captain of the Royal Galleys. He was the eldest of seven children and the hope of his house. It was this which gave St. Alphonsus the bent head which we notice in the portraits of him. He had a love for the lower animals, and wild creatures who fled from all else would come to him as to a friend. In the minutes it was Pope Benedict XIV gave his approval for the men's congregation in 1749 and for the women's in 1750. Alphonsus left the Hospital and went to the church of the Redemption of Captives. He lived his first years as a priest with the homeless and the marginalized youth of Naples. Since its publication, it has remained in Latin, often in 10 volumes or in the combined 4-volume version of Gaud. [5] He remarked later that he was so small at the time that he was almost buried in his doctor's gown and that all the spectators laughed. Alphonsus, however, stood firm; soon other companions arrived, and though Scala itself was given up by the Fathers in 1738, by 1746 the new Congregation had four houses at Nocera de' Pagani, Ciorani, Iliceto (now Deliceto), and Caposele, all in the Kingdom of Naples. Shop St. Alphonsus Marie Liguori. His own prayer was perhaps for the most part what some call "active", others "ordinary", contemplation. Suddenly he found himself surrounded by a mysterious light; the house seemed to rock, and an interior voice said: "Leave the world and give thyself to Me." He was a lawyer, not only during his years at the Bar, but throughout his whole life--a lawyer, who to skilled advocacy and an enormous knowledge of practical detail added a wide and luminous hold of underlying principles. (Rome, 1896). St. Paul of the Cross (1694-1775) and St. Alphonsus, who were altogether contemporaries, seem never to have met on earth, though the founder of the Passionists was a great friend of Alphonsus's uncle, Mgr. In the end a compromise was arrived at. He both made and kept a vow not to lose a single moment of time. Yet, to take anger alone, though comparatively early in life he seemed dead to insult or injury which affected himself, in cases of cruelty, or of injustice to others, or of dishonour to God, he showed a prophet's indignation even in old age. CARDINAL CAPECELATRO has also written a life of the Saint, La Vita di Sant' Alfonso Maria de Liguori (Rome, 2 vols.). At three different times in his missions, while preaching, a ray of light from a picture of Our Lady darted towards him, and he fell into an ecstasy before the people. On 1 April, 1733, all the companions of Alphonsus except one lay brother, Vitus Curtius, abandoned him, and founded the Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament, which, confined to the Kingdom of Naples, was extinguished in 1860 by the Italian Revolution. Calendarium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 1969), p. 99, Appendix to his work on the Council of Trent, Saint Alphonsus Liguori, patron saint archive, St. Alphonsus 'Rock' Liguori Church (St. Louis), "St. Alphonsus Liguori, Our Founder", Redemptorists, Baltimore Province, Tannoja, Antonio. The differentia of saints is not faultlessness but driving-power, a driving-power exerted in generous self-sacrifice and ardent love of God. It was through Louis Florent Gillet, Redemptorist priest and co-founder of the Sisters of IHM that we have been gifted with the legacy of St. Alphonsus Liguori. Hi readers, it seems you use Catholic Online a lot; that's great! It survived a catastrophic fire and was completed refurbished. Died: August 1, 1787. Thus was he left free for his real work, the founding of a new religious congregation. Pius VI, already deeply displeased with the Neapolitan Government, took the fathers in his own dominions under his special protection, forbade all change of rule in their houses, and even withdrew them from obedience to the Neapolitan superiors, that is to St. Alphonsus, till an inquiry could be held. St. Alphonsus likened the conflict between law and liberty to a civil action in which the law has the onus probandi, although greater probabilities give it a verdict. About the year 1722, when he was twenty-six years old, he began to go constantly into society, to neglect prayer and the practices of piety which had been an integral part of his life, and to take pleasure in the attention with which he was everywhere received. Today I would like to present to you the figure of a holy Doctor of the Church to whom we are deeply indebted because he was an outstanding moral theologian and a teacher of spiritual . The foundation of all subsequent lives is the Della vita ed istituto del venerabile Alfonso Maria Liguori, of ANTONY TANNOIA, one of the great biographies of literature. . The Saint's complete dogmatic works have been translated into Latin by P. WALTER, C.SS.R., S. Alphonsi Mariae de Liguori Ecclesiae Doctoris Opera Dogmatica, (New York, 1903, 2 vols., 4to). said Alphonsus somewhat piqued. Updates? Imprimatur. Saint Alphonsus Liguori (1696-1787) was a Neapolitan who founded the Redemptorist Order of priests, a congregation dedicated to providing parish missions, especially to the poor in rural areas. The experience and teaching of St Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori regarding the Eucharist was in line with the Pope's invitation to Christians to persevere in their most important duty: to proclaim to humanity the great mystery of God's love, especially visible in the Eucharist. In old age he was more than once raised in the air when speaking of God. R. On 28 August, 1723, the young advocate had gone to perform a favourite act of charity by visiting the sick in the Hospital for Incurables. The Ceremonies of the Interment. In 1749, the Rule and Institute of men were approved by Pope Benedict XIV, and in 1750, the Rule and Institute of the nuns. Liguori Publications is a nonprofit Catholic publishing company that came into existence through a saint, some students, and a once-famous St. Louis resort. Corrections? He died peacefully on August 1,1787, at Nocera di Pagani, near Naples as the Angelus was ringing. He was not allowed to resign his see, however, until 1775. St. Alphonsus Liguori, in full Saint Alphonsus Maria de Liguori, Alphonsus also spelled Alfonso, (born September 27, 1696, Marianella, Kingdom of Naples [Italy]died August 1, 1787, Pagani; canonized 1839; feast day August 1), Italian doctor of the church, one of the chief 18th-century moral theologians, and founder of the Redemptorists, a congregation dedicated primarily to parish and foreign missions. Addeddate Educated at the University of Naples, Alphonsus received his doctorate at the age of sixteen. In 1762 he was appointed Bishop of Sant'Agata dei Goti. The Saint's own letters are of extreme value in supplementing Tannoia. His very confessor and vicar general in the government of his Order, Father Andrew Villani, joined in the conspiracy. Alphonsus was preaching missions in the rural areas and writing. Vol. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. The cause of this was "regalism", the omnipotence of kings even in matters spiritual, which was the system of government in Naples as in all the Bourbon States. [8] Moreover, Liguori viewed scruples as a blessing at times and wrote: "Scruples are useful in the beginning of conversion. they cleanse the soul, and at the same time make it careful". Alternate titles: Saint Alfonso Liguori, Saint Alfonso Maria de Liguori, Saint Alphonsus Maria deLiguori. It is a matter for friendly controversy, but it seems there was a real difference, though not as great in practice as is supposed, between the Saint's later teaching and that current in the Society. He started again, recruited new members, and in 1743 became the prior of two new congregations, one for men and one for women. The saints are not inhuman but real men of flesh and . Alphonsus, however, was unflagging in his efforts with the Court. Here St. Alphonsus teaches that those who refuse to bow to the will of God only double their afflictions. The traditional Stations of the Cross were written by St. Alphonsus Liguori, a bishop and Doctor of the Church, in 1761. St Alphonsus Mary Liguori and Prayer. His father, already displeased at the failure of two plans for his son's marriage, and exasperated at Alphonsus's present neglect of his profession, was likely to offer a strenuous opposition to his leaving the world. It saw only recently its first publication in translation, in an English translation made by Ryan Grant and published in 2017 by Mediatrix Press.
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