SourceofVariationSSdfMSFp-valueRows10575MSB=?FFactorB=?0.006Columns72MSA=?FFactorA=?0.900Error33010MSE=? In 1711, they fought with the British against the Tuscarora of North Carolina. 2, 2023 at 1:27 PM PST. The peace was probably final for the Iroquois, who had established the Ohio Valley as their preferred hunting ground by right of conquest and pushed other tribes out of it. Hinson, Captain J. Frank Clyborn). As of 2006[update], the population of the Catawba Nation has increased to about 2,600, most in South Carolina, with smaller groups in Oklahoma, Colorado, Ohio, and elsewhere. Consisted of a large, square council house, a "sweat lodge" or sauna, individual homes, and an open plaza for meetings, games, and dances. scores would travel up and down together; in a(n) _________ correlation, one endobj Early colonial estimates of the Catawba population when settlers arrived are between 15,000-25,000. [27], The Catawba submitted the required acquisition application to the United States Department of the Interior (DOI) in August 2013, seeking to have the US place this property of 16.57-acre (6.71ha) in trust, but their application was denied in March 2018. measure of the extent to which two factors, such as two sets of scores, vary 0000002322 00000 n In addition, the contract was never brought before the General Council (the full tribal membership) as required by their existing constitution. Due to the importance of pottery in the Catawba culture, the Nation is committed to making sure that there are always Catawba potters to teach this skill to others so that this 4,000-year-old tradition can continue to be passed on to future generations. 0000005870 00000 n References: We have over 3000 enrolled tribal citizens and continue to grow. He also protected the local settlers against Cherokee invaders. WebTuscarora, self-name Skarr (People of the Shirt), Iroquoian-speaking North American Indian tribe. b. positive; illusory <> WebInformation about the Catawba. When in 2004 the Catawba entered into an exclusive management contract with SPM Resorts, Inc., to manage all new bingo facilities, some tribal members were critical. WebThe Catawba Indians, a Siouan language -speaking people, lived in the South Carolina region prior to European contact. Collier of SPM Resorts, Inc. of Myrtle Beach, to manage their bingo and casino operations. That warrior spirit and resiliency of the Catawba have helped us through many hard times. He led the Catawba people to side with the English in the French and Indian War. They are believed to have the oldest surviving tradition of pottery East of the Mississippi, and possibly the oldest (or one of the oldest) on the American continent. At this time, they were paid $50 million NOT to reclaim 144,000 acres of their land in. Smith). The Catawbas had a strong argument in this fight. endobj 0000021258 00000 n In return, the Catawba Indian Nation received federal recognition and $50 million for economic development, education, social services, and land purchases. Of the five members of the former government, only two were reelected.[19]. Company B (Captain John L. Miller, Captain W.S. Colonists believed the Nation was dying out. When British troops approached during the American Revolutionary War in 1780, the Catawba withdrew temporarily into Virginia. Maps & Directions | Clay for traditional Catawba pottery is dug from clay holes along the banks of the Catawba river. WebActive - tribe received federal recognition in 1993. It said that the DOI disregarded early consultation with the EBCI and skipped an Environmental Impact Assessment. In spite of these outside influences, the Catawba pottery tradition has remained one of the oldest and purest art forms of its kind. endobj The Catawba Indians have lived on their ancestral lands along the banks of the Catawba River dating back at least 6000 years. They assimilated with the Choctaw and did not retain separate tribal identity. Early colonial estimates of the Catawba population when settlers arrived are between 15,000-25,000. The Catawba traded deerskins to the Europeans for goods such as muskets, knives, kettles and cloth. This tribe was powerful in their part of the state, near where the city of rock Hill is located today (near the South Carolina/North Carolina border). Instead, the Catawba agreed to be governed by the terms of the Settlement Agreement and the State Act as pertains to games of chance; which at the time allowed for video poker and bingo. This tribe lived in rolling hills and had lots of red clay. Taste and adjust the seasoning. What did the Catawba tribe trade? They also fished and hunted. The Catawbas were a large and powerful group and waged war with neighboring tribes, especially the Cherokee. The Catawba traded deerskins to the Europeans for goods such as muskets, knives, kettles and cloth. 8184. Nation leaders are always looking for opportunities to contribute to the community through economic development, helping forward the goals of the county, and sharing the culture with others. They were once considered one of the most powerful Southeastern tribes in the Carolina Piedmont, as well as one of the most powerful tribes in the South as a whole, with other, smaller tribes merging into the Catawba as their post-contact numbers dwindled due to the effects of colonization on the region. Today, in the presence of a large crowd, consisting of a number of Indians and many citizens of surrounding community, the monument of the Indians was open for inspection "[15]. Company D (Captain James Beaty, Captain W.G. Of the 573 federally recognized tribes in the United States, the Catawba Indian Nation is the only one located in the state of South Carolina. The following table summarizes a portion of the results for a two-way analysis of variance experiment with no interaction. WebThe Catawba Indians have lived on their ancestral lands along the banks of the Catawba River dating back at least 6000 years. The Nation has helped support many Nation citizens in their pursuit of an education through the Scholarship and Job Placement & Training programs. In 1759, a smallpox epidemic killed nearly half the Catawba. By the late 17th century, trade began having a major impact on the Catawba society. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. In 1650, the Catawba and the Iswa united. Company A (Captain John R. Culp, Captain W.H. And though it took over 20 years to accomplish this, we achieved it. During the Franklin Roosevelt administration the federal government tried to improve conditions for tribes. 0000009356 00000 n Rock Hill. After the potter is happy with the piece, then it will be fired in an open fire. They sold the facility in 2007. <>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[279.632 108.3415 347.112 116.3495]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> Before contact with the Europeans it is believed that the Nation inhabited most of the Piedmont area of South Carolina, North Carolina and parts of Virginia. Citizen Portal Login The Catawba also own a 16.57-acre (6.71ha) site in Kings Mountain, North Carolina, which they will develop for a gaming casino and mixed-use entertainment complex.[20]. In 1759, smallpox swept through the Catawba villages for a fourth time in a century bringing the population of the Nation to less than 1,000 by 1760. <> The Nation always carried a philosophy of brotherly love and peace when it came to the settlers. [5], Early Spanish explorers of the mid-16th century estimated the population of the Catawba as between 15,000 and 25,000 people. Company E (Captain C.F. The Two Kings name is a nod to Catawba Chief King Hagler, who reigned from 1750 to 1763, and the citys longtime friendship with the tribe. We still live on our beautiful ancestral lands along the banks of the Catawba river today. Many potters pass their pottery creating tools down to their children and grandchildren. They were allies of the English in the Tuscarora War (171113) and in the French and Indian War (175463), but they aided the colonists in the American Revolution. [11], In 1763, the colonial government of South Carolina confirmed a reservation for the Catawba of 225 square miles (580km2; 144,000 acres), on both sides of the Catawba River, within the present York and Lancaster counties. We fought along the side of the Patriots when the settlers decided they wanted to be free from England, one of only three tribes to do so. He firmly believed in the treaties that were created to protect his people, and when traveling to negotiate the documents, he took the principal Warriors with him. Company A (Captain W.H. Their customs have been, and are, similar to neighboring Native Americans in the Piedmont region. When did the Catawba tribe live? Once settlers arrived, these paths became trade routes with the Catawba lands along The Great Trading Path. The administrative offices are located on the Reservation. The federal government should have protected the rights of the Nation. & & \\ There are currently over 3300 enrolled members of the Nation. This tribe lived off the land in the Piedmont region. and did not get federal approval. 0000029490 00000 n WebThis book "From Princess to Chief" provides a collaborative life history of Priscilla Freeman Jacobs. The Catawbas have proven again and again that they will continue to thrive against all odds. Even though King Hagler wanted to preserve the lands of the Catawba, he also understood that survival depended on working together. Published: Mar. Catawba Texts, New York: Columbia University Press, 91 pp. the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 0000001931 00000 n Town Creek Indian Mound in Montgomery County is an example of a restored temple mound complex that includes a burial mound. 0000002837 00000 n The land was sold but the state did not keep its promises. [15], The Yorkville Enquirer reported the following: "For the fourth time in the history of Fort Mill, the citizens have assembled for the purpose of unveiling a monument. \hline \text { Rows } & 1057 & 5 & M S B=? This path was frequently traveled and was used until 1744 by Seneca war parties to pass through the Shenandoah Valley to raid in the South. The modern day tribal lands are located in York County, South Carolina. Eventually the settlers who had leased land from the Nation wanted the land for themselves. WebFunerary mounds ascribed to the Mississippian, or Temple Mound Builder, culture (1000-1500 A.D.) remain in the central Piedmont, notably in the Catawba River Valley. Fought with the colonists against the British and Cherokee in the Revolutionary War in 1776. The governments had not been able to prevent settlers going into Iroquois territory, but the governor of Virginia offered the tribe payment for their land claim. 0000007045 00000 n Their numbers fell off rapidly; in 1738 approximately half the tribe was wiped out in a smallpox epidemic, and by 1780 there were only an estimated 500 Catawba left. The Catawba Nation became an essential stop on the route from Jamestown to Charlestown (now Charleston). Fish was also a staple of their diet; they caught sturgeon and herring using weirs, snares, and long poles. We are warriors and are a strong, resilient people, who know that working together will move us farther down the path we want to go. "[3], The earliest documented European contact occurred when Hernando de Soto's Spanish expedition reached the Piedmont plateau. 0000000016 00000 n They were not renowned for their participation during the War, despite their engagements in famous battles. wattle and daub homes What was the Catawba tribe's home that they lived in all year? WebThe Catawba Indians lived in settled villages of homes and small farm plots. They enrolled with the 5th, 12th, and 17th South Carolina Infantry Regiments. Catawba children are being taught the craft in the childrens programs that are run by the Nation and there are also pottery classes for adults taught at the Cultural Center with hopes of keeping the tradition alive. It took 20 years, but on November 20, 1993, the land claim settlement with the state of South Carolina and the federal government finally came to an end. Company I (Captain J.D. Of the 573 federally recognized tribes in the United States, the Catawba Indian Nation is the only one located in the state of South Carolina. Cherokee cooks make sunchoke pickles and preserves. That heritage has been passed on through many generations since King Hagler. Thomas J. Blumer, Robert P. Smith, E. Fred Sanders. Traditional Catawba villages consisted of bark-covered cabins and a temple for public gatherings and religious ceremonies. Some joined the. There is a clinic on the reservation that is run through Indian Health Services. [17] On October 27, 1993, the U.S. Congress enacted the Catawba Indian Tribe of South Carolina Land Claims Settlement Act of 1993 (Settlement Act), which reversed the "termination", recognized the Catawba Indian Nation and, together with the state of South Carolina, settled the land claims for $50 million, to be applied toward economic development for the Nation. That warrior spirit and resiliency of the Catawba have helped us through many hard times. Their headquarters are at Rock Hill, South Carolina. The Catawbas. Traditional game has included deer, crops grown have included corn, and the women in particular are noted makers of pottery and baskets, arts which they still preserve. <>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[81.0 617.094 126.804 629.106]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> Historically, Iswa, today the river is commonly known as the Catawba River from its headwaters in North Carolina and into South Carolina before continuing as the Wateree River in Fairfield county, South Carolina. trailer The people became subject to state law. By the time of the American Revolution, most Amerindians in South Carolina had organized into four major nations: the Cherokee, Creek, Cusabo, and Catawba. The Catawba moved briefly to North Carolina. McCorkle, Captain L.M. By 1847, South Carolina Governor David Johnson said, "They are, in effect, dissolved." The Nation claimed at least eleven other tribes as enemies. King Hagler was chief from 1750 to 1763. Add the vinaigrette and toss to coat. As European settlers established themselves along the eastern coast, the Catawba became experienced traders. In the Carolinas, the Catawba became well known for their pottery, which historically was made primarily by the women. The Catawba believed that the soul of a person who had been killed demanded retribution in order to rest in peace. The process of firing gives the pottery its distinctive look. Homes Round, bark-covered dwellings with a fireplace in the center and opening in the roof to release smoke. The Black River Indian Nation in Greeleyville are of multi-tribal heritage which include Catawba, Cusabo, and Winyah. This did not serve them well though because the settlers brought disease with them. The Catawbas have proven again and again that they will continue to thrive against all odds. Mooney accepted the tradition that, following a protracted struggle, the Catawba and Cherokee had settled on the Broad River their mutual boundary. The Catawba returned to South Carolina and purchased 600-plus acres from the state in 1850. He adopted the title of King because the settlers coming into Catawba territory at the time were led by a king. Their principal village was on the west side of the river in north-central South Carolina. American Indian and Alaska Native The United States and Puerto Rico: 2010", William C. Sturtevant, "Siouan Languages in the East". Nation Ford. Today the Catawba are a federally recognized tribe with approximately 2800 people living on a reservation in Rock Hill, South Carolina. Smaller groups live in parts of Oklahoma and Colorado. The Catawba are one of several Siouan language Native American tribes to occupy the Carolinas. [citation needed]. & F_{\text {Factor A }}=? endobj 0000009139 00000 n Some Catawba continued to live in their homelands in South Carolina, while others joined the Choctaw or Cherokee, at least temporarily. STATESVILLE, N.C. (WBTV) - Video captured two students nearly being hit by a car that flew past two cars and a stopped school bus on Thursday morning. Company G (Captain A.D. Gaillard, Captain John M. Moody). They prevailed in the lower courts, but the state appealed the ruling to the South Carolina Supreme Court. When first encountered by Europeans in the 17th century, the Tuscarora occupied what is now North Carolina. But Governor Pat McCrory, over 100 North Carolina General Assembly members and the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (EBCI) opposed it. Company H (Captain A.E. Like African Americans since the turn of the 20th century, the Native Americans were largely excluded from the franchise by discriminatory rules and practices associated with voter registration. They were a powerful tribe in their part of SC. Catawba Coleman, Captain N.A. The Nation also has a successful housing program, several child care facilities, a seniors program, Boys & Girls Clubs, and transit services. endobj It tells the story of the first female chief (from 1986 to 2005) of our tribe and is a fascinating read. There was a large council house in the village as well as a sweat lodge, homes, and an open plaza for meetings, games, and dances. [1] From the very beginning, the Catawba allied themselves with the Confederacy, remaining loyal until the end of the War. No one knew this better than King Hagler who led the tribe from 1754-1763. The English named the Catawba River and Catawba County after this indigenous people. wigwams Which tribe lived in the mountains? Hinnant, Captain J.W. In the 12th, the Catawbas had the most enrollments of Indians. The Catawba lived in this type of home all year long. Meacham, Captain John C. Holley, Captain E.R. \hline \text { Source of Variation } & \text { SS } & \text { df } & M S & F & \text { p-value } \\ This culminated in South Carolina v. Catawba Indian Tribe, Inc. where the United States Supreme Court ruled that the tribe's land claims were subject to a statute of limitations which had not yet run out. 8!$xT+$-d3&J%+RfBLFR_|e^N$'"I|eJR/eWlgx*S>Sf"99&y>U2rri He firmly believed in the treaties that were created to protect his people, and when traveling to negotiate the documents, he took the principal Warriors with him. No one knew this better than King Hagler who led the tribe from 1754-1763. The Catawba chased Lenape raiding parties back to the north in the 1720s and 1730s, going across the Potomac River. His severance package included an offer of 5 weeks severance pay. The nations of the Iroquois frequently referred to the Catawba under the general term Totiri, or Toderichroone, also known as Tutelo. 0000004528 00000 n 173 (2000). For the salad:Preheat the oven to 400F. Company F (Captain Hayne McMeekin, Captain John C. Bell). [8], Similar encounters in these longstanding conflicts were reported to have occurred at present-day Franklin, West Virginia (1725),[9] Hanging Rocks and the mouth of the Potomac South Branch in West Virginia, and near the mouths of Antietam Creek (1736) and Conococheague Creek in Maryland. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The Catawba Reservation (.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}345417N 805301W / 34.90472N 80.88361W / 34.90472; -80.88361) is located in two disjointed sections in York County, South Carolina, east of Rock Hill. There is a clinic on the reservation that is run through Indian Health Services. Endemic for centuries among Europeans, the infectious disease had been carried by them to North America, where it caused many deaths. endstream Under the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, tribes were encouraged to renew their governments to exercise more self-determination. Their decline was attributed to the mortality of infectious diseases. [18], On July 21, 2007, the Catawba held their first elections in more than 30 years. wigwam. He also protected the local settlers against Cherokee invaders. They were part of the Iroquois Confederacy and their diet consisted WebWhat did the Catawba and Yamassee tribes have in common? The treaty was invalid ab initio because the state did not have the right to make it, which was reserved for the federal government, and never gained Senate ratification. The potter warms the piece by leaving it outside the fire and then slowly moves it closer and closer until it is put into the fire. The Catawba made bowls, baskets, and mats, which they traded to other tribes and Europeans for meat and skins. [9], When the Civil War began, the Catawba were "an obscure enclave in a social system [southern plantation slavery] that was beginning to break down. 4. \end{array} These two tribes had similar environments to hunt, fish and live in. The state Supreme Court overturned the lower court ruling. Tribes located to the west continued warfare against the Catawba, who were so reduced that they could raise little resistance. Held at the Catawba Cultural Center, proceeds are used to fund the activities of the center. On March 13, 2020, the DOI announced its decision to approve the 2018 discretionary application and place the land in North Carolina in trust. 0000001909 00000 n [35] On July 1, a temporary modular facility containing 500 slot machines was opened at the Kings Mountain site. The Nation has a long history and a rich culture that lives on today. The statistician was told that severance is determined by three factors: age, length of service with the company, and pay. The Catawba, also known as Issa, Essa or Isw but most commonly Iswa (Catawba: Ye Isw "people of the river"),[3] are a federally recognized tribe of Native Americans, known as the Catawba Indian Nation. The colors come from the clay along with the variety of wood used and the intensity of the fire. In 1763, a 15-square-mile South Carolina reservation was established for the Catawba. They returned after the Battle of Guilford Court House, and settled in two villages on the reservation. That partnership, New River Management and Development Company, LLC (of which the Catawba were the majority owner) operated the Catawba's bingo parlor in Rock Hill. Glenn, Captain S.B. As the Spanish, English, and French competed to colonize the Carolinas, the Catawba became virtual satellites of the various colonial factions. and pp. The Catawbas agreed to give up claims on land taken from them by the state of South Carolina. a. positive; negative After the potter is happy with the piece, then it will be fired in an open fire. 412 0 obj Here are some pictures of Native American Some left the Southeast to resettle with clusters of Mormons in Utah, Colorado, and neighboring western states.[15]. When they went to war, they painted a black circle around one eye and a white circle around the other. Company K (Captain Joseph Walker, Captain Ryal Seay, and Captain William Chocie). <>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[243.264 230.364 436.068 242.376]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> In addition, for decades the Catawba pursued various land claims against the government for the losses due to the illegal treaty made by South Carolina in 1840 and the failure of the federal government to protect their interests. WebThe Occaneechi Band of the Saponi NationOBSN for shortis a small Indian community located primarily in the old settlement of Little Texas, Pleasant Grove Township, Alamance County, North Carolina. By 1775 they had only 400 people in total; in 1780, they had 490; and, in 1784, only 250 were reported. J. Catawba children are being taught the craft in the childrens programs that are run by the Nation and there are also pottery classes for adults taught at the Cultural Center with hopes of keeping the tradition alive. The administrative office has over 40 employees. xref 416 0 obj 0000026173 00000 n In 1909 the Catawba sent a petition to the United States government seeking to be given United States citizenship.[16]. endobj Gleen, Captain Charles W. Scott, Captain James D. Steedman, and Captain Thomas Comer). Did Native Americans live in South Carolina? In fact, the acceptance of these elements into North Carolina's Archaic cultures marks the transition to the next cultural stage called Woodland. They were noted for their use of indigenous hemp for fibre and medicine. startxref The Catawba and other tribes, such as the Sissipahaw, suffered high mortality in these epidemics. Video showed the students having to run There were several famous Catawba potters who were known for their art. From 1689-1763, the Catawba fought with the British in the French and Indian Wars. He led the Catawba people to side with the English in the French and Indian War. Under the Indian Reorganization Act, the Nation created a constitution in 1944 to help them govern themselves. This did not serve them well though because the settlers brought disease with them. The Catawba filed suit against the state of South Carolina for the right to operate video poker and similar "electronic play" devices on their reservation. |+@`$ i While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Their territory once extended into North Carolina, as well, and they still have legal claim to so In 1973 they established their tribal enrollment and began the process of regaining federal recognition. Here's the latest", "Catawba Indians declared victor in NC casino court fight, clearing way for construction", "Temporary Catawba Casino Opens in North Carolina", Drye, Willie. In the 17th century the Catawba numbered about 5,000. After the piece is finished, it is left to dry for several days. 3. known as the "River People". He adopted the title of King because the settlers coming into Catawba territory at the time were led by a king. The Nation is a short 30-mile drive from Charlotte Douglas Airport as well as only a 10-minute drive from the I-77 corridor. During the Revolutionary War, the Catawba aligned with the patriots and fought with them against England to help them gain their independence. [5] An elderly Catawba who lived through the American Civil War noted that a "good many [Catawba Indians] went, about 20."[12]. WebThe Catawba Indians have lived on their ancestral lands along the banks of the Catawba River dating back at least 6000 years. That same heritage is within the tribe now. [4], In 1900, the Catawba was honored by a monument for their service during the American Civil War. I& 5,l`%000l^l.:@%8a 0f1p rpI hD8%!.^bdU&i^Wbp}*1|dxg6c{1z1V3N`p 321`Xz4(:3t~N13]e VeMdp <>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[518.592 617.094 549.0 629.106]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> [13] About the same time, a number of the Catawba, dissatisfied with their condition among the whites, removed to join the remaining eastern Cherokee, who were based in far Western North Carolina. Company C (Captain John A. Witherspoon, Captain John W. Mitchell, Captain William Dunovant, Captain William H. Moore). Gilbert Blue served as their chief until 2007. Burnishing or "rubbing" the pots can be a long and tedious process. He was said to have persuaded the Catawba to lend their name to the scheme, and had a history of criminal and civil enforcement actions against him and his companies for illegal gambling. Catawba Native American tribe in South Carolina. 415 0 obj Caskey, Captain James F. Steele), Company K (Captain Lucian P. Sadler, Captain E.A. For the sports teams, see, "Esaw" redirects here. 0000008110 00000 n [3] There would be no colonial contact for almost 100 years after the "De Soto Entrada.". Many of the same clay holes that were used hundreds of years ago are still used today. Corrections? Their current lands are in South Carolina, on the Catawba River, near the city of Rock Hill. Their territory once extended into North Carolina, as well, and they still have legal claim to some parcels of land in that state. c. negative; inverse When other tribes were being moved west on the Trail of Tears, the state of South Carolina decided not to spend the money because the tribe membership was so low in numbers at the time that it was expected the Catawba would be extinct soon. Edwards). 419 0 obj Total139417\begin{array}{|l|c|r|c|c|c|} 410 0 obj Some people think that there were originally between 40-50 different tribes in Catawba. [citation needed], In the late nineteenth century, the ethnographer Henry Rowe Schoolcraft theorized that the Catawba had lived in Canada until driven out by the Iroquois (supposedly with French help), and that they had migrated to Kentucky and to Botetourt County, Virginia. The first tenant was Thomas Spratt who leased several thousand acres of farmland. 0000007467 00000 n WebWhat SC region did the Catawba tribe live in? Aboriginally the Catawba lived in the southern Piedmont between 34 and 36 N and 79 and 82 W, an area now occupied by North and South Carolina. 0000012858 00000 n This was during the Removal Period when many tribes were being moved west. We are warriors and are a strong, resilient people, who know that working together will move us farther down the path we want to go. Kease, Captain William J. Dickinson, Captain George H. Kearse). When the English first settled South Carolina about 1682, they estimated the Catawba at about 1,500 warriors, or about 4,600 people in total. The Catawba on their reserve in South Carolina hold a yearly celebration called Yap Ye Iswa, which roughly translates to "Day of the People," or Day of the River People. 0000001800 00000 n On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The new contract was signed by the former governing body immediately prior to new elections. Sally New River, the granddaughter of King Hagler, was a landowner that leased land to the Scotch-Irish settlers that were moving into the area.
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