(USCG, 1999), SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION refers to an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. This information is not intended as a license to operate As calcium is less electropositive than sodium, no calcium will be deposited at the cathode. additional knowledge and experience are gained. [105] Pool-type sodium fires are prevented using diverse design measures called catch pan systems. Toxic by ingestion. A related process based on the reduction of sodium hydroxide was developed in 1886. 6.3. [59] Sodium hydride is used as a base for various reactions (such as the aldol reaction) in organic chemistry, and as a reducing agent in inorganic chemistry. This section provides a listing of alternate names for this chemical, The main aqueous species are the aquo complexes [Na(H2O)n]+, where n = 4–8; with n = 6 indicated from X-ray diffraction data and computer simulations. (the time at which the permeation rate is equal to 0.1 µg/cm2/min) When the concentration of sodium increases, the production of renin decreases, and the sodium concentration returns to normal. An exception is sodium bismuthate (NaBiO3). including trade names and synonyms. [80] The American Heart Association recommends no more than 1.5 g of sodium per day. [22] Crown ethers, like 15-crown-5, may be used as a phase-transfer catalyst. [81], There is a strong correlation between higher sodium intake and higher blood pressure. In many cases, [58], Though metallic sodium has some important uses, the major applications for sodium use compounds; millions of tons of sodium chloride, hydroxide, and carbonate are produced annually. temperature. [24], Like the other alkali metals, sodium dissolves in ammonia and some amines to give deeply colored solutions; evaporation of these solutions leaves a shiny film of metallic sodium. [34][35] In 1809, the German physicist and chemist Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert proposed the names Natronium for Humphry Davy's "sodium" and Kalium for Davy's "potassium". (NFPA Pub. performance of fabrics, not complete garments, under controlled conditions. More info about absorbents, including situations to watch out for... National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [51], Sodium is now produced commercially through the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride, based on a process patented in 1924. been tested at a concentration of greater than 95% unless otherwise After a while, it glowed a bright yellow and showed a strong sodium line that disappeared only after 10 minutes. National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Please contact DuPont for specific data. [74] Another heat transfer application is poppet valves in high-performance internal combustion engines; the valve stems are partially filled with sodium and work as a heat pipe to cool the valves. It is found in many minerals, some very soluble, such as halite and natron, others much less soluble, such as amphibole and zeolite. Natron historically had several important industrial and household uses, later eclipsed by other sodium compounds. When burned in air, it forms primarily sodium peroxide with some sodium oxide. [104] Sodium fires are prevented in nuclear reactors by isolating sodium from oxygen by surrounding sodium pipes with inert gas. [31], Sodium forms alloys with many metals, such as potassium, calcium, lead, and the group 11 and 12 elements. Mustard, Tabun and VX Nerve Agent) have been tested at 22°C and 50% 10H2O). evaluation under their specific end-use conditions, at their own discretion UN Number: UN1823, UN1823. If fabric 58 / Monday, March 26, 2012 / Rules and Regulations. [42] Because of its high reactivity, it is never found as a pure element. C 2 HCl 3 (OH) 2 + NaOH → CHCl 3 + HCOONa + H 2 O 77, No. Sodium also forms alloys with gold (NaAu2) and silver (NaAg2). [75], In humans, sodium is an essential mineral that regulates blood volume, blood pressure, osmotic equilibrium and pH. A colorless liquid. Sodium forms complexes with crown ethers, cryptands and other ligands. Shipping Name: Sodium hydroxide, solid; Sodium hydroxide, solid. A violent explosion resulted when a quantity of pentol was accidentally brought in contact with a caustic cleaning solution chemically similar to aqueous sodium hydroxide [MCA Case History 363 1964]. CHCl 3 + 4 NaOH → HCOONa + 3 NaCl + 2 H 2 O. or by reacting sodium hydroxide with chloral hydrate. breakthrough time; permeation rates typically increase with Otherwise known as caustic soda, sodium hydroxide can be used to pretreat seawater going into the desalination plant. [84] (Note that salt contains about 39.3% sodium[85]—the rest being chlorine and trace chemicals; thus, 2.3 g sodium is about 5.9 g, or 5.3 ml, of salt—about one US teaspoon. Sodium and potassium form KNa2 and NaK. Some comets have a sodium tail,[47] which was first detected in observations of Comet Hale-Bopp in 1997. Office of Response and Restoration, [21] Because of the high solubility of its compounds, sodium salts are usually isolated as solids by evaporation or by precipitation with an organic antisolvent, such as ethanol; for example, only 0.35 g/L of sodium chloride will dissolve in ethanol. In the case of massive (non-molten) pieces of sodium, the reaction with oxygen eventually becomes slow due to formation of a protective layer. [100][101] Sodium spontaneously explodes in the presence of water due to the formation of hydrogen (highly explosive) and sodium hydroxide (which dissolves in the water, liberating more surface). determine the level of toxicity and the proper personal protective However, sodium exposed to air and ignited or reaching autoignition (reported to occur when a molten pool of sodium reaches about 290 °C)[102] displays a relatively mild fire. Sodium Hydroxide, 3.0N (3.0M) Safety Data Sheet according to Federal Register / Vol. The solutions contain the coordination complex (Na(NH3)6)+, with the positive charge counterbalanced by electrons as anions; cryptands permit the isolation of these complexes as crystalline solids. known to react with the from the permeation behavior of the individual chemicals. The Earth's crust contains 2.27% sodium, making it the seventh most abundant element on Earth and the fifth most abundant metal, behind aluminium, iron, calcium, and magnesium and ahead of potassium. Along with potassium, many important medicines have sodium added to improve their bioavailability; though potassium is the better ion in most cases, sodium is chosen for its lower price and atomic weight. this information. As early as 1860, Kirchhoff and Bunsen noted the high sensitivity of a sodium flame test, and stated in Annalen der Physik und Chemie:[40]. Dilution with water liberates heat, possibly enough to cause local boiling and spattering. Sodium soaps have a higher melting temperature (and seem "harder") than potassium soaps. reaction of sodium or potassium hydroxide on aluminum electrolysis of water, or displacement from acids by certain metals. [83], Hypertension causes 7.6 million premature deaths worldwide each year. Hazard Class: 8, 8. Strongly basic. Calcium is only partially miscible with sodium. They collect leaking sodium into a leak-recovery tank where it is isolated from oxygen. testing laboratories using ASTM F739, EN369, EN 374-3, EN ISO 6529 [64] Sodium reacts with alcohol and gives alkoxides, and when sodium is dissolved in ammonia solution, it can be used to reduce alkynes to trans-alkenes. May initiate polymerization in polymerizable organic materials: a violent polymerization results if acetaldehyde contacts alkaline materials such as sodium hydroxide; an extremely violent polymerization results from contact of acrolein with alkaline materials such as sodium hydroxide [Chem. It is decomposed by water to form sodium hydroxide, a corrosive material, and hydrogen, a flammable gas.The heat of this reaction may be sufficient to ignite the hydrogen.The material itself … [29], Many organosodium compounds have been prepared. Section 15 - Regulatory Information US Federal Regulations TSCA Section 8(b): CAS# 1310-73-2 is listed on the TSCA inventory. Group 12 metals (zinc, cadmium and mercury) are known to make alloys with sodium. [65][66] Lasers emitting light at the sodium D line are used to create artificial laser guide stars that assist in the adaptive optics for land-based visible-light telescopes. [82] Studies have found that lowering sodium intake by 2 g per day tends to lower systolic blood pressure by about two to four mm Hg. Sodium hydroxide solution is a strong alkali. An effective extinguishing agent for sodium fires is Met-L-X.

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